【作者】 王晓东；

【导师】 叶声华；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 测试计量技术与仪器， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 光测设备是靶场测控系统的基石、广泛应用于弹道测量、实况记录、辐射测量、卫星观测等领域。特别是近年来,随着空间探测的深入发展,光测设备成为空间目标观测和航天器定轨的重要设备。本文以地基光测设备的典型代表光电经纬仪为研究对象,主要解决如何提高设备的测量精度的问题。在系统分析了地基式光电经纬仪的测量原理、查阅了大量参考文献基础上,详细分析了影响观测设备测量数据精度的各种误差;针对具体的误差性质采取了不同的修正措施,利用星体标校的原理对测量精度进行了综合评价,并应用于实际工程之中,取得了预期的效果。分析总结了影响经纬仪测量精度的各种动静态误差。通过分析具体的误差源,给出了具体的修正策略。针对以往修正经纬仪静态指向误差的单项差模型,提出了球谐函数修正模型,采用模拟和实测数据的方法,并从两种模型的正态性和参数相关性角度进行了分析,认为球谐函数模型优于单项差模型,并首次把球谐函数修正模型应用于实践中,取得了良好效果。提出恒星回扫的办法降低了低仰角蒙气差的影响;由于目标速度的不同,造成采样时间不同步误差的影响随之不同,仿真比较了抛物线插值和自适应卡尔曼滤波方法的优劣性,并首次应用于实时动态误差修正中。采用空间坐标变换的方法分析了随机误差的分布情况,建立了从空间坐标系到像面坐标系的随机误差的测量方程,详细给出了各项随机误差的分布情况,分析了随机误差对光测设备测量数据的影响。利用星体标校的原理,通过软件算法进行全天区的恒星扫描,解算了修正模型的各项系数,针对某经纬仪跟踪测量的实际数据进行误差修正,测量精度达到5″。更多还原

【Abstract】 The optical measuring equipment is widely applying the cornerstone of monitoring system to the field of trajectory measurement, live record, radiometric surveying, and satellite observation, etc. Especially in recent years, with the in-depth development of space probe, optical measuring equipment have become important equipment for space target observation and space vehicle orbital determination.This text has mainly solved the problem of how to improve the measuring accuracy of equipment based on the foundation of the typical optical measuring equipment for research photoelectric transit. After analyzing systematically the measuring principle of electro-optic transit and consulting lot of literature cites, we have analyzed every kind of error which affect the measuring data precision in detail. In connection with the concrete error nature, different update measures have been adopted, making use of the principle of star calibration to carry out an overall evaluation on measuring accuracy and been applied to actual engineering, which have achieved the desired results.This text have analyzed and summarized every kind of dynamic and stationary error which affect the measuring accuracy of transit. After analyzing concrete error source, a concrete update policy has been given. In allusion to monomial difference model of former static error correction, we have proposed spherical harmonics error correction model. From the view of normality and parametric dependence of the two kinds of model, we have adopted the method of analogy and measured data for analysis and believed that spherical harmonics function model is superior to monomial difference model and first been applied to actual engineering,which have achieved the well result.Then proposed star retrace scanning method to reduce the effect of low elevation poor gas Mongolia. The error effects for sampling time out-of-step are different which is due to the difference of target speed, compared the good from bad of parabolic interpolation and adaptive Kallman filtering by emulation and first been applied to real time dynamic error correction. A space coordinate transformation method has been used to analyze the distributed situation of random error and the measurement equation of random error from the space coordinates system to the phase plane coordinate has also been established. We have given the distribution situation of each item random error and analyzed the effect of random error to optical measuring equipment metrical data.We have make use of the principle of star calibration to carry out the entire dayzero star scanning through the software algorithm and solved the each coefficient of revision model . Carried on the error correction in view of survey actual data of a certain transit, The measured precision have arrived 5 arc-second.更多还原