【作者】 陈小平；

【导师】 王平；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 道路与铁道工程， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 高速道岔的轨道刚度是影响列车过岔舒适性,道岔振动强度的重要参数,需要进行合理设置。本文针对高速道岔轨道刚度所涉及的几个主要问题,在参考国内外研究情况的基础上,进行了理论和部分试验研究,并得到了相应的研究结论。论文主要研究工作分为以下几个方面:(1)轨道刚度对高速车辆-道岔空间耦合振动的影响分析建立了完整的高速车辆-道岔空间耦合振动模型,在高速道岔模型中,首次将扣件刚度、道床刚度考虑成纵向可变,以便分析高速道岔轨道刚度纵向不均匀分布对高速车辆-道岔耦合振动性能的影响。运用所建立的高速车辆-道岔空间耦合振动模型,分析了轨道刚度对车辆和道岔振动性能的影响,结果表明:轨道刚度变化对高速车辆走行部分、车体及道岔的振动具有明显影响。(2)高速道岔轨道动刚度特性及其影响因素分析首次建立了高速道岔轨道动刚度计算模型和求解方法,并对高速道岔轨道动刚度特性及其影响因素进行了分析,结果表明:有砟道岔各部分钢轨在0～250HZ的频段上出现3个共振峰;无砟道岔各部分钢轨在0～300HZ的频段上只出现1个同相共振峰;扣件刚度和阻尼对道岔动刚度的影响较大,道床刚度的影响较小。(3)高速道岔轨道刚度合理取值和部件刚度合理匹配研究详细分析了高速道岔轨道刚度的组成及相关计算方法,提出了高速道岔轨道刚度合理取值的5个评判准则:列车运行品质、道岔振动强度、应力水平、变形大小、部件刚度匹配关系。并建立了以高速车辆-道岔耦合动力计算及动态轨距扩大分析为核心技术的高速道岔轨道刚度合理取值的确定方法。最后采用本文提出的高速道岔合理取值评判准则及确定方法对我国客专道岔轨道刚度合理取值及部件刚度合理匹配进行了研究,所得结论可指导我国客专道岔的扣件刚度设计。(4)高速道岔轨道刚度分布规律及影响因素分析运用有限单元法,在考虑钢轨类型、扣件、道床、间隔铁和滑床台等刚度影响因素的基础上,首次建立了完整的高速道岔轨道刚度计算模型,并编制了相应的计算程序。运用本文建立的道岔轨道刚度计算方法,分析了我国客专道岔轨道刚度的分布规律,并对滑床台联结、尖轨刨切、间隔铁传力、扣件刚度、道床刚度等因素对道岔轨道整体刚度的影响进行了详细的分析,为高速道岔轨道刚度均匀化工作提供了理论依据。(5)高速道岔轨道刚度均匀化研究从刚度取值、轨道变形、工程可行性等方面首次提出了高速道岔轨道刚度均匀化准则,并分析了合理设置板下胶垫刚度均匀轨道刚度的方法。详细分析了超弹性有限元理论在胶垫刚度计算中的应用,为板下胶垫刚度设计提供了理论基础;运用本文所提出的高速道岔轨道刚度均匀化准则及方法,对我国客专道岔轨道刚度均匀化进行了研究,提出了相应的工程方案;最后对道岔轨道刚度进行了现场测试,结果不仅证明了本文提出的高速道岔轨道刚度均匀化方法合理、有效,同时还证明了本文建立的高速道岔轨道刚度计算理论的准确性。(6)高速道岔前后过渡段刚度合理设置研究在分析高速道岔路岔过渡段结构特性的基础上,建立了高速车辆-道岔过渡段动力分析方法,并提出了高速道岔过渡段刚度合理设置的基本原则和评价指标,运用本文所建立的高速道岔过渡段分析方法,对高速道岔过渡段的动力特性进行了深入分析,并研究了过渡段刚度差、行车方向和行车速度等影响因素对过渡段动力性能的影响,最后对我国客专线道岔前后过渡段刚度合理设置进行了研究,所得结论可用于指导我国客专道岔前后过渡段的刚度设计。更多还原

【Abstract】 The track stiffness of high-speed turnouts is a important parameter that impacts on running comfort of trains and vibration intensity of turnouts when trains passing through turnouts. So the reasonable disposition of the track stiffness in high-speed turnouts is necessary.According to several major issues involved in track stiffness of high-speed turnouts and in reference to domestic and international research, on the basis of theoretical and some experimental studies, some relative research conclusions are drawn. Thesis research work is divided into the following areas:(1) Influence analysis of track stiffness on spacial coupling vibration between high-speed vehicles and turnoutsA complete spacial coupling vibration model between high-speed vehicles and turnouts is set up in this paper. In the model, the longitudinal variety of the fastener and bed stiffness are taken into account. By using the model, the influence analysis of vertical stiffness of the uneven distribution of high-speed turnouts on high-speed vehicles - turnouts coupling vibration performance is feasible. With this model, some analysis about track stiffness influence on the vibration performance of vehicles and turnouts are done. The results show that: track stiffness change has considerable influence on vibration of the movable part of high-speed vehicles, car body and turnouts.(2) Study on dynamic track stiffness characteristics and its influencing factors of high-speed turnoutsdynamic track stiffness calculation model and solution methods of high-speed turnouts are firstly established, and dynamic track stiffness characteristics and its influencing factors of high-speed turnouts are also analyzed. The results show that: there are three resonance peak in various parts of ballest turnouts when frequency ranges from 0 to 250; there are one phase resonance peak in various parts of ballestless turnouts when frequency ranges from 0 to 300;fastener stiffness and damping have greater impact on dynamic stiffness of turnouts than bed stiffness(3) Study on reasonable value of track stiffness and track-part stiffness in high-speed turnoutsTrack stiffness components of high-speed turnouts and related calculational method have been detailed analyzed. Five criteria for evaluating reasonable track stiffness in high-speed turnout have been put forward: the vehicle running behavior, vibration intensity of track, the stress level of track, the deformation of track and coupling relation among track-part stiffness. A method how to determine track stiffness in high-speed turnouts has been established. Its core technologies include dynamic calculation between high-speed vehicles and turnouts, and analysis with dynamically expanded gauge. Finally, according to evaluation criteria of reasonable stiffness about high-speed turnouts and determination methods, some research are made on appropriate value of track stiffness with high-speed turnouts and reasonably coupling stiffness study among components. Some results from the following research can guide designs on fastener stiffness of passenger dedicated line.(4) Study on distribution regularity of track stiffness and influence factors analysis in high-speed turnoutsUsing the finite element method, on the basis of considering some factors such as the rail types, fastener, bed, block space and sliding plate which have impact on track stiffness, a complete calculation model which determine the track stiffness of high-speed turnouts is built and relative calculation program is written. Distribution regularity of track stiffness in turnouts on passenger dedicated line is analyzed through built calculation methods. Likely, some influence factors of track stiffness are studied such sliding plate linking、switch rail cut、block space which can distribute loads、fastener stiffness、bed stiffness. The study results can provide a basis for track stiffness homogenization at high-speed turnouts. (5) Study on homogenization of track stiffness in high-speed turnoutsFrom some aspects such as stiffness values, track deformation and engineering feasibility, homogenization criteria of track stiffness in high-speed turnouts is firstly proposed. A new way to set uniform track stiffness by adjusting stiffness of the tie pad is explained. The calculation method about stiffness of the tie pad by using hyperelastic finite element theory is studied, and it can provide a theoretical foundation for stiffness design of the tie pads. Using homogenization criteria and methods which are described in the paper, some research is done on track stiffness homogenization of turnouts on passenger dedicated line and some corresponding engineering schemes are provided. In addition, Field test on track stiffness of turnouts was carried out, the test results show that the way of track stiffness homogenization in high-speed turnouts is reasonable, and calculation theory on track stiffness in high-speed turnouts is accurate.(6) Study on reasonable stiffness of the transition section around high-speed turnoutsOn the basis of analysis about structure characteristics of the transition section around high-speed turnouts, a method is established for its dynamic analysis. Some principle and evaluation index are set up for reasonably disposing the stiffness of the transition section around high-speed turnouts. By using the dynamic analysis method in this paper, the dynamic characteristics when vehicles passing the transition section around high-speed turnouts are analyzed, and some influence factors such as transition stiffness variance, the running directions and velocity are also analyzed. Lastly, the reasonable stiffness of the transition section around turnouts on passenger dedicated line is studied, and the study results can guide stiffness design of the transition section.更多还原