【作者】 李娟；

【导师】 罗霞；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 交通运输规划与管理， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 从运输过程、承担的客货运量比重、覆盖面积、通达深度等多个方面进行比较,区域公路网络不仅是经济和社会等人类活动、城市演变的基础条件,更是区域综合交通体系的主体运输方式。论文从系统性和可操作性出发,遵循宏观与微观、定性与定量、整体与局部结合的研究方法,运用经济学、空间地理学、规划论、图论等基础理论和数学方法对公路网络的影响因素、系统结构、元素连接等问题进行全面深入的分析,主要研究内容如下:(1)区域公路网络是节点(城镇)和边(线路)的有机集合体,论文分析节点和线路的形成、发展、形态、网络体系,依靠内部和外部动力的驱动,推演得到公路网络的发展模型和自相似生长过程,论证公路等级与通行能力的正相关性,公路路径数量增多的结构演化趋势。(2)论文立足于多学科交叉层面,采用系统分析思想,探讨城市化水平与公路网络发育程度之间的关系,建立耦合协调度模型;基于区域城镇体系的空间分布,研究城镇体系与公路网络空间匹配的均衡性。结合经济对公路网络的决定性和公路网络对经济的带动作用呈现出的交替促进上涨螺旋式推拉反馈作用过程,论文构建了经济与公路网络的移位匹配优化模型,得出经济空间结构的演变与公路网络的相互关系。(3)路网的实际规模不能反映与需求的适应状况,论文提出路网容量规模的计算方法,以强调路网数量和质量的同步提高;建立满足需求、总量、结构、投资等约束条件的路网等级结构优化的目标规划模型。论文划分公路网络为三个层次,在公路网络功能本质和层次的基础上,对区域不同层次的公路功能进行分类;根据公路运输通道的内部组成、路径的功能影响因素进行路径的功能选择和定位。论文从多个角度研究了路网的覆盖度、空间连接方式、拓扑结构、分维数等形态特征;通过计算节点的重要度并进行排序,用区域网络熵值判定路网的形态,论文基于交通需求非均匀分布以覆盖节点重要度最大为目标改进交通区位线布局优化法;比较路线重要度和向量角提出重要度布局的边删除法形成多回路网络。论文以迂回率、通达性、连通度等指标评价路网的布局质量,以关联矩阵表征路网的连通可靠度,以行程时间、容量、畅通可靠度等描述运行状态的可靠性。(4)论文定义复合节点并划分层次,根据城市的空间范围比较不同连接方式的适应性,计算城市的发展速度和梯度,匹配公路与节点的等级,优化公路与节点的连接。由公路与城市道路的诸多不同之处,论文分析公路与城市环路的连接位置,立体交叉的标准和间距,平面交叉的车速和横断面缓和段,公路与城市道路过渡段的融合等内容。(5)针对客货运混合行驶存在的车流速度降低、路面破坏严重、道路空间浪费、交通事故频发等问题,论文定义并行高速公路,从平均车速、通行能力、经济效益、交通事故率等方面比较客货运分线和混合运行,建立了并行高速公路系统功能配置的目标函数和需求约束条件。论文的研究内容涵盖了公路网络的影响因素、系统结构、元素衔接等多个方面,希望对促进我国公路网络规划、建设、管理的理论化、规范化和科学化,提高公路网络与综合交通、经济发展、城镇体系的适应性,增加公路网络的供给能力,能提供一定的参考和借鉴。更多还原

【Abstract】 Comparing in respect of transportation process, relative ratio of passenger and freight transport quantum, coverage area, reachability, etc., a regional highway network is not only the basis for human activities, like economy and society, and urban evolution, but also a major transportation means of a regional comprehensive transportation system. Starting from systemability and operationability and abiding by the research method combining the macro with the micro, the qualitative with the quantitative, the partial with the whole, this dissertation adopts basic theories and mathematic ways like economics, spatial geography, planning science, graph theory, etc., and makes an all-encompassing analysis of a whole range of matters involved with highway network, such as influencing factors, system structure, element connection, etc. The main contents of this research are listed as follows:(1) A regional highway network is an organic combination of nodes (towns) and lines (routes). This dissertation analyzes its formation, development, conformation, network system, and infers the developmental mode and self-resembling growth process of highway networks depending on both external and internal driving forces, and proves the positive relativity between highway grade and traffic capability, as well as the trend of structural evolution that the number of highway routes is increasing.(2) Based on multi-disciplinary intersection and systematic philosophy of analysis, this dissertation discusses the relationship of urbanization level and developmental level of highway networks, and establishes a model of coupling coordination level, and researches the spatial matching proportion between town system and highway network with the consideration of the spatial layout of regional town system.Also, considering the mutually acceleration and rising spiral-type interaction process which is demonstrated by the decisive influence of economy on highway network and the boosting effect of highway network to the economy, this dissertation puts forward a balanced matching function of economy and highway network, and deduces an interactive relationship between the evolution of economic spatial structure and the highway network.(3) Usually, the actual scale of highway network does not reflect its ability to accomodate and adapt to transportation needs. Then, a way to calculate the capability scale of highway network is presented to emphasize the synchronous improvement of quantity and quality. Consequently, a model of target planning for optimization of network grade structure which meets confining conditions such as needs, total volume, structure and investment can be established.By classifying highway network into three grades and basing the function nature and hiberarchy of the highway network, this dissertation classifies highway functions in regard to different hiberarchy network, and undertakes function selection and positioning of routes with the consideration of the internal composition of highway transportation passages and the factors influencing route functions. After analyzing the conformation characteristics of highway network from different points of view, such as coverage level, spatial connection way, topology structure and real-dimensions, this dissertation calculates and ranks the importances of nodes, also determines the conformation of highway network using regional network entropic value.Moreover, this dissertation improves the method of transportation regional route layout for the objective of coverage node importance, and compares route importances and vectorial angles and then presents a method of importance layout in which line elimination forms multiple circuits network. It evaluates quality of highway network layout using circuity rate, reachability and connectedness level, and represents connection reliability of highway networks with related matrixes, and describes reliability of operation state with traffic time, volume, straightway reliability, etc.(4) This dissertation defines composite nodes and classifies them into different grades. In view of spatial ranges of cities, it compares adaptabilities of different connection methods, calculates development speeds and grades of cities and matches grades of highways with those of the nodes, and optimizes connection of highways to nodes. Since there are many differences between highways and urban roads, this dissertation analyzes the connection locations of highways to urban ring roads, the standards and intervals of three-dimensional intersections, the buffering sections of vehicle speed and transection of plane intersections, and the intermingle of transition sections of highways to urban roads.(5) In regard to problems like low road speed, road surface damages, waste of road space, frequent traffic accidents, etc., coming from the mixed passenger and freight transportation, this dissertation defines parallel expressways, compares passenger and freight seperated route transportation and mixed transportation in aspects of average road speed, traffic capability, economic benefits, traffic accidents, and establishes an objective function and needs confining conditions for function configuration of expressway systems.Altogether, the research content of this dissertation covers influencing factors, system structure and matching elements of highway network. The author hopes that it may be of some reference value for accelerating the theorization, standardization and scientification of highway network planning, construction and management in our country and improving adaptability of highway network to accomodate with comprehensive transportation, economic development and town systems, and increasing supply ability of highway networks.更多还原