【作者】 王东升；

【导师】 郑西来；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 环境工程， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 区域开发活动（特别是大面积的开发活动）会带来重大的环境影响,因此需要对区域开发活动对各环境要素的综合影响进行全面的研究。本文在大量资料收集和现场监测基础上,对黄岛区陆域和近岸海域的环境（水体、大气、噪声、固体废物等）现状进行了调查和评价,采用数学模型定量研究污水集中排放和石油化工基地建设对大气环境、近岸水环境等产生的叠加影响,并计算了排污海域的环境容量。另外,对研究区内石油化工区潜在的火灾爆炸、化学品泄漏、海上溢油进行尝试性的环境风险评估,取得了一些新的认识和结论:（1）通过环境质量现状和污染源调查发现,研究区的声环境质量较好,一般固体废物和危险废物分别有合理的去向,预测2010年SO₂排放量为2.034×10⁴t,烟尘排放量为5455t,区内非甲烷总烃无组织排放增加量约为3000t。主要的环境问题是区域开发活动对大气环境和近岸海域的环境影响。（2）根据近海水质预测,2010年废水排放总量约为5534.5×10⁴ t,COD_Cr排放量为2560t,氨氮排放量为580t,污染物排放量远小于COD环境容量14387t/a。镰湾河水质净化厂排污口移至鹿角湾后,COD、氨氮、石油类浓度均能够满足鹿角湾海域的水质功能要求,对金沙滩、银沙滩以及海水养殖区水质不会产生明显影响。但是,不能达到规划的总量控制目标。（3）大炼油项目年排放SO₂5500t,非甲烷总烃2235t,是目前区内最大的新增污染源。多源叠加预测表明,该项目排出的SO₂对各敏感点的年平均浓度增加值均未超过标准限值的3.13%;无组织排放的非甲烷总烃对各敏感点年平均浓度增加值范围为0.0015～0.0264mg/m³。海岸线熏烟型污染预测可知,发生熏烟时,一般是刮东南风,所以大炼油项目海岸线熏烟型污染对厂区南面的居民区没有明显的影响。（4）风险评估结果表明:黄岛油库的储油罐如发生爆炸,青岛边防教导大队将会受到C级热辐射影响;溢油事故对北大桥主塔的潜在风险最大,同时将对海洋环境造成严重危害。当蒸发速度为7.38kg/s时,在微风和F稳定度气象条件下丽东化工苯泄漏造成的危害最大,超出居民区最高允许浓度限值的范围达1870m。更多还原

【Abstract】 Regional development will result in the adverse effect for environment, and the contradictions between the environment and regional economic activity has become increasingly obvious. Therefore, the research from a macroscopic level for the comprehensive effects of regional development on the environment is needed urgently. On the basis of substantive facts collecting and in situ monitoring, the environmental quality status of terrestrial and coastal areas of Huangdao Region was investigated. The comprehensive impacts of sewage centralism discharge on the quality of coastal water and the construction of petrochemical base on the quality of atmosphere were simulated, respectively. The environmental capacity of coastal area for receiving wastewater was also calculated. In addition, the potential risk of fire and explosion, chemical leak, and marine oil spill in Huangdao Region were studied in detail. Some new understandings and results on this study were as followed.（1） The investigation for environmental quality status and pollution sources indicates that the noise environmental is in good quality, and the harm of the General solid waste and hazardous waste on environmental quality is insignificant. In 2010, the emissions of SO₂, smoke dust, and the non-methane total hydrocarbon is forecasted to reach about 20340 t, 5455 t, and 3000 t, respectively. Therefore, the adverse influence of regional development on the quality of atmosphere and coastal water is severe.（2） In 2010, the amount of wastewater is forecasted to reach about 5.5345×10⁷m³, containing 2560 t COD_cr and 580 t ammonia nitrogen. The discharge amount of COD_cr is less than the calculated environmental capacity （14387 t） of coastal water for receiving wastewater. After the outlet of Lianwanhe sewage Treatment Plant was relocated to Lujiao Bay, the concentrations of COD, ammonia nitrogen, and oil are also within the required standard, respectively. The effects of wastewater discharge on the quality of the environmental sensitive point of the golden sand beach, the silver sand beach, and the seawater aquaculture area are insignificant, but the discharge amount of pollutants will surpass the target of total pollutant amount.（3） The refinery project is the biggest additional source of pollution, and its discharge amount of SO₂, and non-methane total hydrocarbon, in 2010, will be 5500 t and 2235 t, respectively. The values of added concentration of SO₂ for all the environmental sensitive points, in the presence of this project, will comprise less 3.13% of the require standard. The increased concentration of non-methane total hydrocarbon from fugitive emission will be in the range of 0.0015-0.0264 mg/m³. The simulation of fumigation pollution indicate that the dominant wind direction is southeast wind when fumigation pollution happening. Therefore, the effect of fumigation pollution from this project on the residential area existing in south is negligible.（4） The results of environmental risk assessment indicate that the Border Defense Brigade of Qindao will receive C level heat radiation if explosion of Huangdao Tank farm happens; the potential impact of oil spill on the North Bridge is the most significant, and the quality of marine environment will be deteriorated seriously; Under conditions of rate Evaporation 7.38 kg/s, gentle breeze, and F level atmospheric stability, Benzene Leakage from tanks of Lidong Corporation on environment is of the most severe influence, and will result in 1870 m radius scope surpassing the maximum acceptable concentration of residential area.更多还原