【作者】 黄伏生；

【导师】 孟凡顺；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 海洋地质， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 大庆喇嘛甸油田是陆相砂岩油田,因其储层为河流相沉积岩层,具有明显的非均质特点。由于长期注水开发,自1997年起已经进入到特高含水开发期,储层物性参数、孔隙结构、流体分布等均产生一系列的变化,这些变化在测井曲线特征上都会有所反映。检查井岩心分析、室内物模试验和现场动态监测资料均表明,以厚油层为主的非均质多油层砂岩油田综合含水上升到90%以后,存在着严重的无效和低效循环问题,并在厚油层和薄油层中都有分布。大量的注入水沿高渗透、高含水的便捷通道(简称“低效无效循环带”)无效或低效循环。低效无效循环带的存在,导致油田采收率低、生产成本上升,开发效益下降,给油田开发带来巨大压力。运用常规裸眼测井资料的测井曲线特征进行定量识别低效无效循环带的研究,对于三次采油、堵水调剖、注采结构调整以及提高油层波及体积和石油采收率等具有重要的现实意义。研究分成薄油层和厚油层两个部分,研究区块有两个,分别以喇嘛甸油田北东块低效无效循环识别与治理试验区,总共有油水井212口,其中的56口二次加密井和41口聚合物驱井(研究厚油层)和喇嘛甸油田北北块油气缓冲区,总共有油水井135口(研究薄油层),其中的二次加密井、聚驱井和聚驱上返新钻井56口井作为研究资料。从萨Ⅱ到高Ⅰ共5个油层组、38个沉积单元作为低效无效循环层识别与治理的研究对象。主要开展了以下几方面的工作:1、对该区块开展油藏精细地质、开发历程和生产动态研究,绘制精细地质图幅54张。分析同位素吸水剖面资料85口,分析密闭五组合测井资料25口,绘制油层连通图120多张。2、在全油田范围内收集5口2000年以后所钻取的岩心井资料,统计储层的岩性、物性储层参数,并提取相对应的各条测井的读值,建立完整的数据库,重新进行岩电关系研究,依据低效无效循环带形成机理,利用其微观变化在测井曲线上和储层参数上的反映,找到低效无效循环带与油层水淹特征相区别的曲线特征,制定了低效无效循环带判别标准。3、研究形成了低效无效循环带定量识别方法,重新建立模型解释储层泥质含量、有效孔隙度、总孔隙度、束缚水饱和度、含水饱和度、含油饱和度、渗透率、粒度中值、孔隙半径、出水率等18个静动态参数,并编制解释程序。本研究实现了低效无效循环带判别的计算机化,经过和岩心井的岩心分析资料对比,其计算精度是完全可以达到低效无效循环带判别的要求。4、对喇嘛甸油田低效、无效循环识别与治理试验区212口井进行低效无效循环带单井解释,并在精细地质上绘制出低效无效循环带,分析其平面分布特征。在三年的识别研究、治理和应用过程中,绘制低效无效循环带平面分布图幅6个区块300余张。目前已经作为正常生产项目,与水淹层一同进行解释。5、利用低效无效循环带纵向识别成果和平面分布图,通过编制堵水、长胶筒封堵、细分层注水、补孔、多次射孔、封堵等措施方案,总结出多种有效地低效无效循环带治理方法、工作流程和管理制度,实现了三个区块的低效无效循环带的有效治理,并成厚油层内部剩余油挖潜、开发方案编制、生产动态分析等的基础资料,为油田的各项开发工作提供保障。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Lamadian oilfield is a nonmarine sandstone oilfield, which is nonhomogeneous due to river facies sedimentary formation of the reservoir. It has been waterflooded for 30 years and has been in particular-higher containing water development period since 1997. During this period, petrophysical parameters of the reservoir, pore structure, fluid distribute etc. have been through a series of varieties which can be reflected in the logging curve. Core analysis of examining well, indoors substance module experiment and field dynamic monitoring material show that there exist serious inefficacy and low efficacy in inhomogeneous multilayer sandstone oil field made of mainly thick layer when the comprehensive saturation is up to 90%. Abundant injected water circulates ineffectively or low effectively through convenient channel with high permeability and high saturation (which is called bighole in abbreviation).The existence of bighole results in low recovery ratio, production cost rising and development benefit descending, which bring substantial pressure to the oil field development. Coupled with conventional open hole logging curves, the research on bighole is useful for tertiary recovery, blocking profile adjusting and injection structure adjusting, and improving the volume of reservoir sweep and reservoir recovery.It is divided into two segments, thin layer and thick layer. The two research blocks are as following: test area of identifying and administering the bighole in the northeast of Lamadian oilfield, there are 212 oil/water wells in all, of which 56 infill wells and 41 polymer flooding wells as data (thick layer); gas/oil buffer zone in the north-north of Lamadian oilfield, there are 135 oil/water wells in all (thin layer), of which 56 infill wells, polymer flooding wells, polymer returning fluid wells as data. The research subjects of identifying and administering the bighole are 5 reservoir groups and 27 sedimentation units. The researches are as following:1. The blocks were researched in fine reservoir geology, exploitation course and production performance, 54 fine reservoir geology maps were made. 85 wells were researched in isotope sop profile, 25 in confinement five combination logging, and more than 120 reservoir connection maps were made.2. Collecting core well data of 5 wells since 2000 all over the oilfield, counting petrophysical parameters of the reservoir and extracting the value of each relative curve, establishing complete database to analyze the relationship between lithologic character and electric property, finding out a curve to distinguish the inefficient and ineffective circling loop and the water flooded zone based on the formation mechanism of inefficient and ineffective circling loop and the microcosmic changes reflected in the logging curve and reservoir parameters, and setting up a criterion to identify the inefficient and ineffective circling loop.3. Establishing ways to identify the inefficient and ineffective circling loop, rebuilding a model to explain the 18 static and dynamic parameters such as reservoir shale content, active porosity, total porosity, bound water saturation, oil saturation, permeability, median grain diameter, pore body radius, water productivity etc. and making up a interpretation program. This research has realized computerization and when it is compared with the core well data, the calculation accuracy can completely meet the demand which is required to identify inefficient and ineffective circling loop.4. Interpreting 212 wells of the test area of identifying and administering the bighole in the northeast of Lamadian oilfield, drawing inefficient and ineffective circling loop in fine geology map and analyzing plane pattern. About 300 inefficient and ineffective circling loop’s plane maps of 6 blocks were drawn during three-year period of recognizing, administering, and application. As normal producing project the research is interpreted together with water flooded layer at present.5. Combining with inefficient and ineffective circling loop’s vertical data recognition and plane maps and measures such as water shutoff, long rubber barrel’s formation sealing, subdivision of reservoir’s infusion, perforations, repeat gun perforation etc., many kinds of treatment methods, working processes and management system about inefficient and ineffective circling loop’s administering were summed up. It has realized the effective administration of inefficient and ineffective circling loops in three blocks. It also becomes basic foundation for tapping the remaining oil in thick layer, compiling development plan, and analyzing production performance etc., and provides support for further and comprehensive development of oilfield.更多还原