【作者】 黄少坚；

【导师】 曹洪军；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 环境规划与管理， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 我国经济经过改革开放30年的发展,在创造财富的同时,也带来了资源环境问题,并且正在制约我国的可持续发展。如何使经济发展模式由“高投入、高消耗、高污染、低产出”的粗放型增长向以科技进步、节约资源、减少排放、提升效率的集约式发展方式转变成为我们急需解决的问题。本论文重点研究节约型企业的经济理论、发展模式、评价标准以及激励与约束机制等重要的理论与实践问题。文章的核心观点是建设节约型社会的核心是构建节约型企业,构建节约型企业是转变经济增长方式的最好的实现形式。可以达到企业目标与社会目标的有机结合,使企业与社会达到“双满意”。那么,如何构建节约型企业?本论文认为:节约本来是由企业追求利润的本质决定的,因此是内生的,也是自觉的企业行为。但是因为经济发展的外部性问题,导致企业节约资源、技术创新、保护环境的自觉性降低了。政府必须设计合理的机制对企业行为激励与约束,才能引导企业走向节约发展的道路。本研究的目的是为政府制定合适的政策提供理论依据,为企业转变增长方式提供指导,因此该研究具有理论深化与实践意义。论文主体分为五部分,第一部分论述节约型社会建设核心是节约型企业的观点,进而分析构建节约型企业的制约因素以及原因分析,只有厘清这一问题,才能为构建节约型企业扫清障碍。第二部分重点论述内生节约理论。首先对节约型经济理论作了一个回顾与归纳总结,运用文献研究方法,对亚当·斯密以来尤其是马克思对节约的论述进行了系统研究,得出结论是企业节约是由企业自身的追求利润的本质决定的,进而认为节约是内生的。但是由于市场不完善,为了解决外部性问题,政府需要设计一套激励与约束机制才能够规范企业的行为,才能够自觉发展节约型经济,构建节约型企业。第三部分重点论述节约型企业的具体内涵与运营模式。提出节约型企业就是以创新为核心,以集约为方式,以节能减排为手段,以最少的投入获取最大产出的效益型企业。并提出节约型企业的三维节约模式,三种模式是以技术创新为核心的技术节约模式,以管理创新为核心的消除浪费、提高效率的管理节约模式,以制度创新为核心的适应性节约模式。第四部分重点论述我国节约型企业的激励与约束机制。首先对发达国家如美国、德国、日本、澳大利亚等如何通过行政、法律、税收、金融、舆论等方式引导企业节约资源,减少浪费,保护环境,发展循环经济做了全面系统地分析。然后分别从激励与约束两个角度设计我国的机制,我国一方面需要集成现有的一套制度,使企业能够明确什么行为是国家鼓励的,什么行为是国家限制禁止的。另一方面我们需要完善一些制度,设立新的制度。基于这样的思路,本论文提出了激励与约束机制的模型作为国家进一步完善机制的框架。最后一部分提出了节约型企业的一个评价标准。如何评价节约型企业成为政府指导企业运作的一个很重要的依据,也是企业转向节约模式的一个可操作的框架。企业可以按照节约型企业评价的要求去改善自身的经营管理策略,进行流程再造,将企业改造成为资源节约型、环境友好型企业。本文对节约型企业从理论到实践进行了深入研究,提出了一系列新的观点与理论,具体创新点有以下几个方面:①提出并论证:构建节约型社会的核心是构建节约型企业。从资源消耗以及保护环境角度进行了理论分析,要解决资源与环境的约束必须通过企业的运营模式改变才能实现。节约型企业是一种新的发展经济的运作模式,能够将技术创新、节能减排、环境保护、企业效益结合起来,达到经济、社会、环境和谐发展的目的。②提出并论证:企业内生节约理论的理论依据。从企业经营本质、资源稀缺理论、技术创新理论、劳动分工理论、管理效益理论的角度,论证了节约型企业节约的内生本质,这就为构建节约型企业提供了理论基础。③提出并论证:构建节约型企业的关键是构建和完善促使企业节约的激励和约束机制,并从集成的角度分别论述了激励与约束机制对建设节约型企业的传导机制。④提出并论证:节约型企业多维模式,即节约型企业分为技术创新型、管理创新型、制度适应型三种主要的运营模式。三种运营模式核心是创新,集约是结果。⑤提出一套节约型企业评价的指标体系。国内关于节约型企业研究尚未建立比较科学合理的标准,本研究为节约型企业提供了一套可以运行的标准。政府可以以此指导企业转变经营方式,企业可以按照此标准发展企业。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with 30 year’s development to our country economy, during creation wealth, also has brought the question of resources & environment, meanwhile, It just restrained our country’s Sustainable development. How to turn the pattern of economic development which from”the high investment, the high consumption, the high pollution, the low output”turn to the way of the advance in technology, the saved resources, the reduced emissions, improving efficiency’s Intensive economical operation to be urgently needed .The important theory and the practice question research of the article referred to saves enterprise’s economic theory, the development model, the evaluation criteria as well as the invigorated and restraint and so on .The article core viewpoint is the construction saves society’s core is the saves enterprise, the saves enterprise is the transformation way of economic growth which is best the form of realizes. But because economic development’s exterior question, caused the enterprise saved the resources, the technological innovation, and protection environment self-consciousness to reduce. The government must be made the system of rational to the enterprise behavior’s drive and the restraint, also can guide the enterprise to move toward the development of saves’path This research’s goal is be made the theory basis and the appropriate policy for the government to provide, also transforms the enterprise growth way to provide the instruction, therefore, this research has the theory deepening and the practice’s significance.The article main body divides into five parts, The first part of the article expressed the saves society’s core is to be constructed the core saves enterprise’s viewpoint, then the analysis construction saves enterprise’s restriction factor as well as the reason analysis, only defined this question clearly, also can sweep the barrier for save enterprise to construct The article main body divides into five parts, The first part of the article expressed the saves society’s core is to be constructed the core saves enterprise’s viewpoint, then the analysis construction saves enterprise’s restriction factor as well as the reason analysis, only defined this question clearly, also can sweep the barrier for save enterprise to construct. The second part of key discussed the saves theory of endogenous .First it makes a review and the summarizes to the economic theory of saved by utilization literature search method, Marx has conducted the system research particularly since Adam Smith. The conclusion is the enterprise saves is decided by the essence of enterprise own pursue profit and then thought saves is endogenous. But because the market is imperfect ,So, the government needs to design set of drives and the restraint system for the problem of exterior to solve ,only then can be formed enterprise’s behavior, only then can be developed the saves economy, and constructed saves enterprise.The third part of key discussed the saves enterprise’s concrete connotation and the operation model. Proposed that saves enterprise is take the innovation as the core, take intensive as the way, take conserves energy and reduced emissions as the method, used the least investment for most efficiency. And proposed that the saves enterprise three dimensional to save the pattern, The three kind of patterns is that the technological innovation as the core technology, take the management innovation as the core waste elimination, raises the efficiency the management to save the pattern, saves the pattern take the institutional innovations as the core compatibility.The fourth part elaborates our country to save enterprise’s drive and the restraint system. First referred to the developed country like US, Germany, Japan, Australia and so on how to guide the enterprise using the law, tax revenue, finance, media, to reduce the waste, protected the environment, the development circulation economy does has analyzed systematically comprehensively. Then from drives and restrains two angles to design our country’s system separately, our country needs to remain the set of systems to existed, at the same time, enables the enterprise to be clear about any behavior is the country encourages, any behavior is the national limit forbids. On the other hand we need to consummate some systems, sets up the new system. Based on such mentality, Based the way, the article proposed the drive and the restraint mechanism’s model further consummates the system as the country the frame.Last part proposed saves enterprise’s evaluation criteria. How to appraise the saves enterprise to become the government’s fundament to instruct the enterprise operation very important, also it is a frame for the way of the enterprise changed .The enterprise could be defer to saves the request which the enterprise appraises to improve own management and operation strategy, carries on the flow restoration, transforms into the resource saves and the environment friendly enterprise.Last part proposed saves enterprise’s evaluation criteria. How to appraise the saves enterprise to become the government’s fundament to instruct the enterprise operation very important, also it is a frame for the way of the enterprise changed .The enterprise could be defer to saves the request which the enterprise appraises to improve own management and operation strategy, carries on the flow restoration, transforms into the resource saves and the environment friendly enterprise.This paper had made research deep to the saves enterprise’s theory and practice. Proposed a series of new viewpoints and the theory, please following the several aspects specifically:Proposed and proved: The saves society’s core is the saves enterprise to be constructed. It has carried on the theoretical analysis from the angle of resources consumption and the protection environment. It must be changed the way of operation then the resources and the environment restraint must be able to realize. The saves enterprise is one kind of new model it can be connected the technological innovation, the energy conservation reduce the platoon, the environmental protection, the performance of enterprises to unify, then It will be made the goal of economical, social and the environment.Proposed and proved:The theory of basis of the endogenous saves enterprise. And for the angle of the essential management, the resources scarce theory, the technological innovation theory, the division of labor theory, the management benefit theory to proved the saves enterprise’s endogenous essence, I t will be constructed the base of the theory for saves enterprise.The construction of saves enterprise’s key is the construction and the consummation the enterprise’s drive and the restraint system, and elaborated the drive and the restraint system separately from the integrated angle for saves enterprise’s conduction system to construct.The saves enterprise multi-dimensional pattern, there are three kind of main operation patterns, namely the saves enterprise to divide into the technological innovation, the management innovation, the system ecad. Three kind of operation pattern core is the innovation, intensive is the result.Proposed that a set of indicator system which the saves enterprise’s evaluation. The evaluation of the saves enterprise’s standard not established yet for our country. This research’s goal is to provide the standard which a set might move for saves enterprise. According to the set of standard our government may transform the modes of enterprise operation. Also, the enterprise could follow the standard.更多还原