【作者】 司学强；

【导师】 张金亮；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 海洋地球物理， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 惠民凹陷蕴藏着丰富的油气资源,但目前探明储量主要集中在沙三段及其以上层位中,深层的认识程度较低,为了维持油田的稳定发展,必须对深层加大研究力度,寻找有利的勘探目标区。本论文以惠民凹陷深层孔店组原型盆地研究为基础,选择典型的地震大剖面进行综合地质解释,突出孔店构造转型期对盆地演化的控制作用,同时研究盆地的沉积体系,明确物源方向,建立相应的沉积模式;利用现有地质分析化验资料对孔店组储层成岩阶段、储层性质进行分析;在基础石油地质研究基础上,开展成藏条件和成藏规律的研究,最终对孔店组有利目标区进行预测,从而达到开拓油气勘探新领域的目的。论文运用层序地层学观点建立了深层孔店组～沙四段的地层格架,随后对凹陷内一、二级断层活动速率进行研究并对主干测线进行平衡剖面分析,研究认为控制孔店组沉积的断层为夏口断层、宁南断层和无南断层,虽然齐河断层是惠民凹陷南部的边界断层,但夏口断层才是惠民凹陷南部孔店组沉积的主控断层。孔店组充填体为一个从夏口断层上盘向北西方向逐渐减薄的楔形体,夏口断层与齐河断层之间为一个薄层沉积。孔店组的沉积中心主要位于夏口断层至滋镇南部一带及林樊家地区的北部。在地震相、钻井岩心、测井资料的分析基础上,认为惠民凹陷孔店组主要发育末端扇沉积,局部地区发育辫状三角洲沉积。由构造演化可知,宁南断层、无南断层虽然孔店组活动性较强,但随着向南延伸,断层面向南变缓呈坡坪状。孔店组时期在此平缓的地形上发育了末端扇沉积;夏口断层以南地形平缓,也发育大范围的末端扇沉积,在此沉积背景下,孔店组发育大面积粒度较细的砂岩体。在林樊家地区以南地区,孔店组初期地形相对较陡,发育面积较小的辫状三角洲沉积,随着盆地扩张,辫状三角洲面积逐步扩大。论文利用普通薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、阴极发光、X-射线衍射、电子探针等先进的岩矿分析测试技术,对孔店组储层岩石学特征、成岩作用和储层性质进行了研究。研究表明孔二段储层成岩演化程度高,属于中成岩B期,压实作用、胶结作用强烈,砂岩致密,局部见裂缝发育,颗粒以线—凹凸接触为主。原生孔隙因成岩作用大量消失,次生孔隙不发育,孔隙组合为少量的粒间、粒内溶孔,孔喉结构多为小孔微喉型,储层物性较差,多属IV类储集层。孔一段储层处于中成岩A期,压实作用、胶结作用强烈,颗粒以线接触为主。部分断裂发育或胶结相对较弱的地区溶蚀作用较强,孔隙组合为粒间、粒内、铸模孔为主,储层物性要好于孔二段储层,多属Ⅲ类储集层。另外发现孔店组不同的砂岩单元在成岩过程中对成岩作用的反应有所不同,可形成不同的成岩相,不同成岩相控制的砂岩单元按一定规律组合时可形成成岩圈闭。论文根据孔店组的沉积特征结合相关的地化资料,认为孔二段的烃源岩已达高成熟阶段,而孔店组的砂岩储层处于中成岩A-B阶段,砂岩整体较致密且厚度大、分布范围广。孔二段生成的气运移到孔店组致密砂岩层中,形成致密砂岩气藏,研究认为孔店组致密砂岩气藏具有“深盆气藏”的特征。另外,在中央隆起带部位,临南洼陷沙三下、沙四上、孔二段三套烃源岩生成的油气可沿断裂向上运移到隆起带上的孔店组储层中成藏,因此位于中央隆起带的圈闭具有良好的成藏条件。论文在综合分析各种成藏条件的基础上,最终对孔店组进行了有利区预测,为下一步的油气勘探明确了方向。更多还原

【Abstract】 There are abundant hydrocarbon resources in Huimin depression. The proven reserves mainly concentrate in the middle and shallow zone at present. Research degree is low in the deep zone. In order to maintain the stable development, it is necessary to seek the advantageous exploration target area in the deep zone. The paper takes the prototype basin research of Kongdian formation as the foundation in Huimin depression and analyzes the control action to evolvement of basin in the structure transition period. The deposition system is researched and depositional model is established. The diagenesis and the reservoir quality are researched based on the geologic analysis datum. The conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation are researched based on the petroleum geology analysis. The advantageous exploration target is found in Kongdian formation finally.The paper establishes the framework of the deep zone in Huimin depression with the sequence stratigraphy viewpoint and analyzes the fault activity speed of the main fault in the depression. It is thought that the sediment of Kongdian formation is controlled by Xiakou fault, Ningnan fault and Wunan fault. The Xiakou fault is the master control fault in the south of Huimin depression. The lithosomic body of Kongdian formation is wedge-shaped body between Xiakou fault and the basin margin in the north of the Huimin depression. There is a thin layer deposition between Xiakou fault and Qihe fault. The depocenter of Kongdian formation is located the north of Xiakou fault and the north of Linfanjia area. There are terminal fan deposition and braided delta deposition in Huimin depression during the Kongdian formation period. The terminal fan deposition is the main sediment system in the basin. The braided delta system is located the south of Linfanjia area.The lithological characteristics, characteristics of diagenesis and reservoir quality are researched based on the thin slice, the body of casting thin slice, scan the electron microscope, the cathode luminescence, the electron probe and so on. The reservoir of the second member of Kongdian formation is on the stage B period of the middle diagenetic stage. The compaction function and the cementation are intense in the sandstone. There is a little pore space and the pore throat structure is very bad in the sandstone. The quality of the reservoir is bad. The hierarchy of main reservoir of the second member of Kongdian formation is IV. The reservoir of the first member of Kongdian is on the stage A period of the middle diagenetic stage. The compaction function and the cementation are intense. The corrosion function is strong in the zone that there is lots of fault. The quality of the reservoir is better than the former. The hierarchy of main reservoir of the first member of Kongdian formation isⅢ. There is different response to different sandstone unit in Kongdian formation. Different diagenetic facies form in the different sandstone unit. The sandstone units controlled by different diagenetic facies form the diagenetic trap if they combine with certain rule.The hydrocarbon source rocks of the second member of Kongdian formation is on the high mature stage based on the geochemical datum. The reservoir of Kongdian formation is compaction and the scale of reservoir is great. The gases from the second member of Kongdian formation migrate into the tight sand; form the compact sandstone gas pool. This kind of gas pool has the characteristic of deep basin gas. The hydrocarbon from Linnan sag can migrate into the reservoir of Kongdian formation in the central upheaval zone. The advantageous area is predicted based on kinds of conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation and a definitude direction is given to oil-gas exploration.更多还原