【作者】 陈珏；

【导师】 何伦志；

【作者基本信息】 新疆大学 ， 人口、资源与环境经济学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 从以要素变动的数量扩张(经济增长)到结构优化的经济发展,再到数量增长和质量提高的全要素一致变动的结构系统优化(即可持续发展)已成为人们的共识。通过农业发展与生态经济系统建设,实现农业的可持续发展也已成为密切关注的热点问题。目前在我国农村和农业可持续发展过程中,建设良好的农村生态环境,促进农业资源的合理开发和高效利用,既是建设节约型农业的重要组成部分,也是解决“三农”问题和实现农业可持续发展的重大举措,对国民经济持续健康发展和国家安全具有重要作用。同时,农业可持续发展与生态经济系统建设也受到人口增长、生产方式、资源利用和技术等诸多因素的制约;而对资源的过度开发利用已经带来了环境污染、生态破坏的外部性问题,成为农业可持续发展的破坏因素。新疆作为我国生态脆弱农业大区,探寻并实现经济发展与生态建设的协调运行,并收敛到系统优化,将是西部地区需求增长期研究的重要课题。本文力求在对农业可持续发展和生态经济系统理论研究分析的基础上,分析农业可持续发展与生态经济系统构建中存在的问题和影响因素,利用农业可持续发展的指标体系评价目前的可持续发展程度并提出解决问题的具体思路。第一章综述农业可持续发展与生态经济系统建设研究领域内已有研究成果,确定了论文选题背景和意义、研究目标和方法、研究思路和结构等总述性内容。第二章是对农业可持续发展与生态经济系统的理论分析。主要是在论述农业可持续发展与生态经济系统内涵的基础上,分析农业可持续发展与生态经济系统的关系及模式。第三章在分析我国农村发展阶段的基础上,分析了我国农业可持续发展与生态经济建设中存在的问题和制约因素,并指出了农业污染已成为农业可持续发展的严重威胁之一。第四章介绍主要发达国家(地区)农业可持续发展实施的经验。第五章是农业可持续发展评估指标体系建立,并评价了我国农业在1995年至2005年的可持续发展程度。第六章主要是从发展现代农业、推进农业产业化进程;合理利用资源、发展生态农业和循环农业;控制人口增长、提高人口素质、优化人口结构;加强环保意识,完善环保法律;加大农业科技投入强度和环保投资力度;加强农业可持续发展的制度创新等六个方面提出农业可持续发展与生态经济系统构建的具体思路。第七章主要以新疆作为个案,分析了在农业可持续发展下新疆农村生态系统建设的现状、问题和成因,并对新疆农村生态生态系统建设提出对策,并以典型案例加以分析论证。农村与农业可持续发展是个非线性、开放、动态的过程,主要由经济、生态和社会可持续发展系统构成。农业可持续发展评价指标体系就必不可少的由经济、生态和社会这三个子系统构成。所以本文在收集了我国1995年到2005年的相关指标数据,运用对多层次结构指标体系进行定量评价的方法,采用层次分析法对农业系统进行分析,选择指标建立我国农业可持续发展的指标体系,最终得出在此期间我国经济、生态和社会及总可持续发展程度,并加以分析。农业可持续发展与生态经济系统建设所存在的问题之一就是我国对农业投资效益低下。为了说明此问题,本文在收集了1989年至2005年间的相关数据,采用最小二乘法,应用TSP软件建立了我国农业投资效益模型来分析我国的农业投资效益情况。生态环境破坏的根源在于外部性的存在,而生态环境保护者又不能因为采取生态环境保护措施而从中获得相应补偿。因此,本文分析了作为公共管理者的政府,必须在与私人企业进行博弈分析的基础上,制定出相应的对策措施和法律制度体系,以有效地保护农村生态环境,实现农业可持续发展。分析研究农业可持续发展与生态经济系统的关系,建立农业可持续发展评价指标体系和综合发展体系,以及对新疆生态系统建设的探讨,都将对我国农村及新疆的可持续发展具有一定的指导性和可借鉴性。更多还原

【Abstract】 A common view is generally held that our economy will transform from economic growth of number of elements increase to economic development of structure optimization and then to sustainable development of system optimization and elements increase in number and quality. It has been a hot spot to achieve agricultural sustainable development by agricultural development and eco-economic system construction. How to protect rural ecological environment and improve rational exploration and efficient utilization of agricultural resources have also been a very important part for conservation-minded agriculture construction and a great measure for agricultural sustainable development. Meanwhile, agricultural sustainable development and eco-economic system construction have been restricted by many factors such as great population, production mode, resources and technology. In fact, with the development of economy and technology innovation, over-exploration and over-utilization of resources have resulted in serious environmental pollution and ecological destroy, which have become restrictive and passive factors for agricultural sustainable development.Xinjiang is a large tender eco-environmental and agricultural area. It is very important to achieve coordinated development in both economy and ecosystem.This dissertation is composed of eight chapters:Chapter one summerizes the current research results in the field of agricultural sustainable development and eco-economic system; it also introduces the author’s research goal, train of thoughts and research methods.Chapter two explains the theory of agricultural sustainable development and eco-economic system then analyzes the mode and relationship between agricultural sustainable development and eco-economic system.Chapter three makes an overall analysis on the problems and reistrictive factors in the agricultural susatainable development and eco-economic system construction in China. By analyzing rural development stages in China, this dissertation points out that sustainable development is the trend for agricultural and rural development. It also points out that agricultural pollution has become a severe threat to agricultural sustainable development. Chapter four gives an overall picture of the practice of agricultural sustainable development in some developed countries such as America, Japan, Taiwan(China) etc.Chapter five mainly involves the construction of Chinese agricultural sustainable development assessment indicator system and caculates the degrees of sustainable development from year 1995 to year 2005 and analyzes the reasons for the changes of these degrees.Chapter six is mainly about the measures for agricultural sustainable development and eco-economic system construction..Chapter seven takes Xinjiang as an example to analyze Xinjiang agricultural sustainable development and ecosystem construction. In this chapter, the current situation and problems concerning Xinjiang ecosystem construction are expounded and the reasons for those above are found out. It also tries to find out the solutions to the problems concerning Xinjiang ecosystem construction. In addition, a case study is provided about Hotan Prefecture ecological environmental protection and economic development.Chatper eight is the conclusion.Agricultural sustainable development is a large, open and dynamic system, which mainly consists of three subsystems: ecconomic subsystem, ecological subsystem and social subsystem. This dissertation collects data from year 1995 to year 2005 and sets up an assessment indicator system; applies AHP method and caculates the degrees of Chinese agricultural sustainable development from year 1995 to year 2005.This dissertation, collecting relevant data from year 1989 to year 2005, appling least square method and TSP software, sets up a model for agricultural investment benefit to explain that the current agricultural investment benefit is not that much in China.It is also necessary to point out that this dissertation analyzes the game process among government, enterprises and farmers.Analysing the relationship between agricultural sustainable development and eco-economic system; putting forward measures for agricultural sustainable development and probing into Xinjiang ecological environmental protection will offer valuable guidence and reference for Chinese and Xinjiang’s sustainable development.更多还原