【作者】 张玉梅；

【导师】 郑达贤；

【作者基本信息】 福建师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 生物多样性对于维持生态平衡,促进人与自然和谐,推进社会经济的可持续发展具有十分重要的意义,发挥着不可替代的作用。但是随着人类活动的不断加强,经济建设的日益发展,生态环境破坏严重,全球范围内适宜生物生存的栖息地在不断减少,保护生物多样性已经成为全人类关注的热点。自然保护区是生物多样性就地保护的基本途径,但由于中国人多地少,各种土地利用的需求矛盾特别突出,特别是在江西、福建等南方林区,土地资源更为紧缺,加上集体林权制度改革之后,多数林地已划为个体经营,因而进一步建立大面积的自然保护区实现区域生物多样性保护是十分困难的,实际上也是不现实的。为此,如何利用现有的不同层次、不同性质和不同功能的保护空间,提升生物多样性保护成效,已成为许多保护生物学家和自然保护管理者关心的新问题。本研究在大量阅读国内外文献和分析前人研究成果的基础上,对陆地生态系统生物多样性保护的群网体系建设的理论与方法进行了探索性的研究,提出了生物多样性保护区群网体系的基本概念,各种尺度体系的主要任务和功能,并设计了体系的初步框架,以期充分利用自然保护区外一切利于生物多样性保护的地域空间和条件,从生态系统整体性、空间关联性和不同尺度、不同层次、不同性质的保护性地域的协调整合上,建构一个用地节约且效能较高的生物多样性保护空间。本研究提出生物多样性保护区群网体系架构是把不同地域尺度、不同层次,不同性质和不同功能的在地域上相分割的生物多样性保护空间通过多种网络连接方式构成一个功能上既有分工,又相关联的生物多样性整体保护系统,包括地域空间系统和地域管理、实施、协调系统。不同地域尺度体系的任务、形式、功能不同。本研究在生物多样性保护区群网体系框架研究的基础上,利用地理信息系统(GIS)和遥感(RS)分析,通过实证,从县域、省域、省际不同的空间尺度探索生物多样性保护区群网体系的构建。县域尺度以明溪县域生物多样性保护体系的研究为例,分析研究了各类自然保护实体空间的协调和保护以及主生态廊道的架构;省域尺度以福建省生物多样性保护区群网体系构建为例,分析了不同层次、不同性质、不同功能的自然保护空间(自然保护区、自然保护小区、森林公园、生态公益林等等)的整体布局,在增补生物多样性保护重点节点的基础上,探索地域上分割的同类或相关生物多样性保护空间的网络连接;省际尺度以中国南方华南虎潜在分布区生境廊道构建为例,探索华南虎种群生存空间体系网络架构。基于当前生物多样性保护科学中人文机制研究不足的现状,本研究提出生物多样性保护群网体系框架应包括社会干预系统,社会干预系统建设是生物多样性保护群网体系建设能得以顺利实施的重要保障,并系统地提出了解决群网体系建设中不同类型保护实体和非保护地的管理问题,经济补偿与财政支持体系建设问题,以及重要核心斑块自然保护区的移民搬迁问题与群网体系自然资源保护与利用的问题,为实现生物多样性保护与建设的生态效益、社会效益与经济效益相协调提供新的思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 Biodiversity plays an irreplaceable role in ecological balance, man-nature harmonization and sustainable development. However, with intensive human activities, and rapid economic development, ecological damage is becoming worse and worse. Natural habitats for plants and animals keep reducing at global scale. Biodiversity conservation has drawn the attention of all mankind. The building of nature reserves in situ is a basic approach to protecting biodiversity. Due to large population and highly limited farmlands in China, land use contradiction is increasingly prominent. Therefore, how to improve the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation by making full use of existing protected area at different levels, together with the qualities and functions of them, grows into a major concern for both conservation biologists and related managers.On the basis of extensive literature and previous research, an exploratory study was conducted to examine the theory and methodology about the construction of terrestrial biodiversity conservation network (BCN). The concept of BCN was put forward, with its major tasks and functions and framework. The purpose of BCN is making full use of space in and out existing nature reserves at different scales, with different functions and qualities. By the construction of BCN, those protection areas formerly not linking to one another would be connected and integrated with one body, which would facilitate the management, implementation and coordination of biodiversity conservation.GIS and remote sensing tools were used to study the construction of BCN at different scales. At county scale, Mingxi County was chosen. As an example to analyze the relationship and coordination of various protection areas, especially the construction of eco-corridors. At provincial scale, Fujian was chosen. The study at this scale focused on areas (Nature Reserve, small conservation area, forest park, non-commercial forest, etc.) at different levels, with different nature and functions. In particular, the core parts and weak parts of the provincial BCN were explored. Finally, at the scale above province, the construction of South China tiger habitats corridor was expound.Considering that the social dimension of biodiversity conservation science is still weak, the construction of a social intervention system was also proposed, in the hope that it would be a guarantee for the smooth implementation of BCN. In this part, issues such as building a unified managing system, non-protection lands management and financial support system and the relocation of concerning people were discussed.更多还原