【作者】 朱校奇；

【导师】 邓启云；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 植物学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 为充分利用再生稻这种适应南方稻区某些生态区种植制度改革的模式,尤其是通过超级杂交稻+再生稻的种植方式,探索其头季稻和再生稻两季高产途径,了解超级杂交稻再生特性及其生理基础,2006—2007年连续两年以Y两优1号(Y58S/9311)、两优培九、Y两优8号(Y58S/明恢63)、汕优63(CK)为材料进行研究,得出如下结果:1、参试超级杂交稻组合Y两优1号、两优培九和Y两优8号的再生率都高于普通三系对照组合汕优63。在留高桩(保留倒2节)的情况下,各节位再生率顺序为:倒2节＞倒3节＞倒4节＞倒5节。超级杂交稻组合的头季稻、再生稻以及两季总产量都高于对照,说明这3个超级杂交稻组合可作为湖南地区蓄留再生稻栽培。2、再生稻产量与再生率呈正相关(r=0.9075);再生稻的有效穗数、每穗总粒数及粒重三性状与头季稻对应的三性状呈正相关。有效穗数和穗粒数对再生稻产量起决定作用,有效穗数及其对产量的贡献率以倒2节最高,并随节位下移而减少,倒2节穗和倒3节穗对总产量的贡献合计达70%—90%。3、超级杂交稻组合比汕优63有较高的粒叶比。再生率与头季稻粒叶比呈正相关。再生稻的总干重(不含老桩)一般为头季稻的1/3—1/4。再生稻产量与头季稻成熟期的茎鞘干物质积累量呈正相关。头季稻茎节可溶性总糖与淀粉含量的变化趋势较一致,再生率与成熟期(齐穗后21d)茎节可溶性总糖、淀粉含量呈正相关。伤流强度及伤流液可溶性糖含量与再生率及再生稻产量呈正相关。增加头季稻茎鞘干物质积累是提高再生稻产量的有效途径。4、对于头季稻齐穗期剑叶而言,超级稻组合比对照汕优63有较高的净光合速率、较高的气孔导度和较低的蒸腾速率。再生稻产量与头季稻齐穗期剑叶净光合速率呈正相关。超级杂交稻组合头季稻后期功能叶的叶绿素含量比对照汕优63高,这与其净光合速率较高趋势一致。Y两优1号比汕优63在光合特性方面还表现为对高温的耐受性较强。5、头季稻抽穗开花期常遇高温胁迫,导致参试组合的花药开裂度(K值)和花粉可染率下降,但Y两优1号的受高温影响比两优培九相对较小,就再生芽生长而言,也有相同的趋势。Y两优1号的结实率在高温胁迫下降低(6.07%)不显著;Y两优1号剑叶保护酶(POD和CAT)活性及游离Pro降低较少,而MDA含量变化则相反。说明头季稻耐高温有利于再生芽生长。6、对同期抽穗的再生稻与主季稻源库特征进行比较,库特性方面:再生季有效穗数和每穗粒数显著少于主季稻。再生稻的每穗粒数仅相当于主季稻的1/3—1/2。源特性方面:主季稻的LAI为再生稻LAI的6-7倍;再生稻光合速率较主季稻高;流特性方面:再生稻成熟期单株总干重为主季稻的25%-35%:无论是主季稻还是再生稻,超级稻组合的茎鞘物质输出率均高于对照组合汕优63;主季稻及再生稻的茎鞘物质输出率与成熟期单株总干重呈正相关。源库关系方面:再生稻的粒叶比是主季稻的2-3倍。在源库关系上,主季稻属增库增产型,而再生稻属源库互作型,但增源增产效果更为明显。7、与超级杂交稻的骨干不育系培矮64S相比,Y58S对稻粒黑粉病的抗性较强、净光合速率较高及再生能力较强。Y58S的稻粒黑粉病粒率比培矮64S低6个百分点,剑叶净光合速率高14%,且对高温的耐受性较强,再生率高17个百分点;同时,Y58S具有花期和花时较集中、颖花开放时间较长及柱头外露率较高等特点。8、Y两优1号在“头季稻—再生稻”栽培模式的试验示范中表现为株叶形态好,再生能力较强,穗大粒多,结实率高,米质好,适应性强,产量高,经济效益明显。栽培上应注重适时早播,合理施肥,加强田间管理,适时收割,宜留高桩。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ratooning rice is a special type of cultivated system which suitable for certain ecological districts in southern rice planting area of China. In order to fully utilize ratooning characteristics of super hybrid rice and to explore a feasible way of double high yields both main crop and ratooning rice, a series of studies was carried out from 2006 to 2007, in terms with leading super hybrid rice combinations of Yliangyou No1 （Y58S/9311）、Liangyoupeijiu、Yliangyou No8 （Y58S/minghui63）、Shanyou63 （CK） as materials. Main results are as follows:1. The ratooning rate of 3 tested super hybrid rice combinations Yliangyou No1、Liangyoupeijiu and Yliangyou No8 were higher than Shanyou63. When the higher stake（40-45cm） was left, the ratooning rate of specific node was in sequence of 2^nd>3^rd>4^th>5^th node, from the top to bottom. Total yield of the main crop and ratoonmg of super hybrid rice were higher than Shanyou63. These super hybrid rice combinations may cultivated as rationing rice in Hunan area.2. The ratooning yield was related positively with the ratooning rate （r=0.9075）. The panicles per plant, spikelets per panicle, 1000-grain weight of ratooning rice were related positively with 3 corresponding traits of main crop. The number of effective panicle and spikelets per panicle affected the yield of ratooning rice most. The number of effective panicles and it’s contribution to yield was biggest at the 2^nd node, and decreased at the latter node, the 2^nd and 3^rd node contributed 70%-90% to the total ratoon yield.3. Super hybrid rice combinations had higher grain/leaf area rate （for short GAR） comparing to Shanyou63. The ratooning rate was positively related with GAR of main crop. The dry weight （except for old stakes） of ratooning rice was as much as 1/3-1/4 weight of main crop. The yield of ratooning rice was positively related with the dry matter accumulation amount of stem and sheath in main crop ripening stage. The changing trend of soluble sugar contains and starch contains in main cropping nodes was almost the same. The ratooning rate was positively related with the stem node soluble sugar contains and starch contains in ripening stage. The bleeding intensity of Yliangyou No1 and Liangyoupeijiu was obviously stronger than Yliangyou No8 and Shanyou63. Bleeding intensity and bleeding soluble sugar contains were positively related with the ratooning rate and yield of ratooning rice. The amount of MDA in flag leaf was negatively related with which in POD and CAT.4. As to flag leaf in full heading stage, 3 super hybrid rice combinations had the higher net photosynthetic rate, more stomata conductance and lower transpiration rate comparing to Shanyou63. The yield of ratooning rice was positively related with net photosynthetic rate. The amount of chlorophyll contents （SPAD parameters） of function leaves in late stage of main crop was more in super hybrid rice combinations than that in Shanyou63. Furthermore, Yliangyou No1 was stronger tolerant to high temperature stressrelative to Shanyou63, with respect to the photosynthetic characteristics.5. Usually, the proportion of opening anthers and dyeable pollen rate will decrease when come with high temperature stress at heading stage of main crop. However, Yliangyou No1 has much less than Liangyoupeijiu. The trends of growth of ratooning buds were almost the same. The reducing seed-setting rate of Yliangyou No1 was not obvious（6.07%）; The protecting enzyme（POD and CAT） activity and number of free Pro the flag leaf had decrease, but the change of MDA was opposite.6. Compared the morphological characteristics of source and sink of ratooning rice and its same-term tasselling main crop. The characteristic of sink was that: the number of ratooning rice effective panicle and the total spikelets per panicle were obviously less than main crop. The total spikelets per panicle was as more as 1/2-1/3 of main crop. The characteristic of source was: The contain of LAI in main crop was 6-7times more than ratooning rice. The photosynthetic rate of ratooning rice was higher than main crop, 3 super hybrid rice combinations showed higher photosynthetic rate than Shanyou63. The characteristic of bleeding was: ratooning rice single plant dry matter amount in ripening stage was as heavy as 25%-35% of main crop. No matter main crop or ratooning crop, the super hybrid combinations exporting percentage of stem and sheaths were higher than Shanyou63. As for source-sink relationship: the rate of grain/leaf area was 2-3 times higher in ratooning rice than in main crop, and the main crop belonged to sink-limited, while the ratooning rice belonged to source-sink interaction , but source-limited was more obvious.7. Compared with Pei’ai64S,Y58S had certain superiority in Nevossia horrida insistance , photosynthesis characteristics and ratooning ability. The rate of grain smut set was lower about 6%, net photosynthetic rate of flag leaf was higher about 14%, and were more tolerant of high temperature, ratooning rate was higher about 14%. And, Y58S had the characteristics of centralized florescence , longer glumales blowing period, and higher stigma exsertion rate.8. In the "main-crop+ratooning rice" cultivated pattern experiment demonstration, Yliangyou No1 showed the superiority of good strain and leaf configuration, stronger ratooning ability, bigger panicle, more spikelets, high seed-setting rate, good rice quality, wide adaptability, high yielding, more economical benefits. Pay attention to sow early, adequate fertilization, strengthen paddy field management, reaping timely, maintain higher stake.更多还原