【作者】 刘激扬；

【导师】 田勇泉；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 生命伦理学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 健康是人的可行能力和人类福祉(well-being)的最基本组成部分之一,具有重要的生命伦理价值。众多研究表明,一个国家的居民的健康水平与其可获得的医疗卫生资源密切相关。因此,如何公平配置公共卫生资源,如何改进政府对公共卫生资源配置的有效性、提高资源配置的效率成为当前世界各国政策讨论和学术研究的重要议题之一。新中国成立以来,在政府的规划、组织和大力投入下,中国的医疗卫生服务体系得到了迅速的发展,形成比较完整、布局合理的城乡医疗卫生服务体系。但是随着经济体制和医疗卫生体制改革的进一步推进,中国医疗卫生领域也产生了一系列问题。其中,公共卫生资源配置的公平问题变得日益突出,成为当前政府、学界和社会公众所关注的热点。合理配置公共卫生资源是公共卫生保健活动得以顺利进行的前提,合理享用卫生资源是人民群众健康利益得以维护的基本保证。政府制定公共卫生资源配置政策必须服从于社会可持续发展战略,公共卫生资源的分配应坚持公正的分配原则,争取在获得最大利用效率的同时保持发展的可持续性。在卫生资源分配主体方面,政府作为公共卫生资源分配和人民群众健康投资的决策者,政府都必须实现其维护人民群众健康与实现公平提供公共卫生保健的伦理责任。公共卫生资源分配不公将对社会经济发展与公众生活水平质量产生严重负面后果。公共卫生资源分配不公,首先损害了部分公众的生命健康权;其次,阻碍了国家经济的发展;再次,容易造成社会不稳定。分配公平意味着政府通过政策引导实现各个方面的合理比例的卫生投资,以保持正确的公共卫生发展方向,克服社会由于严重的资源分配不公所产生的公共卫生危机。另一方面,公共卫生资源的公平分配还意味着消减社会浪费现象,从而实现合理有效的公共卫生资源供给,促进经济增长、人们生活水平提高和社会可持续发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Health is the one of most important elements of well-being for human beings with great bio-ethical value. There are sufficient evidences to prove that the sanitation level of citizen has deep relationship with public sanitation resource. Thus, it becomes a very hot issue about how to distribute public sanitation resource.China sanitation system developed with high speed under management, investment and support from government. But there are still some problems and the equality of sanitation resources distribution is one of them.If we want to improve the quality of sanitation, we should distribute the resources properly. And government must take the sustainable development into consideration when they design relative policies. The public sanitation resources have to be distributed according to the principle of equality. The principle means any distribution has to satisfy two preconditions: maximizing efficiency and keeping sustainable development.As the subject of distribution, government undertakes great responsibility to improve the sanitation service for people and realize the equality in resources distribution.There would be unexpected consequences when the sanitation resources are allocated unequally. Firstly, some people will lose their basic right to get necessary sanitation services. Secondly, the economy development will be influenced negatively. Thirdly, society will become unstable because of the unequal distribution.To realize the equality in public sanitation resources distribution, government should take effective measures to guide the appropriate investment, try to protect the sanitation resources from being wasted and abused. Then, the citizen lives will get better, and the sustainable development could come to be true.更多还原