【作者】 陈菊霞；

【导师】 施萍婷； 郑炳林；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 历史文献学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 敦煌地处河西走廊的西端,这里原本生活着少数民族部落。公元前121年,汉武帝组织发动了河西之战,一举击溃了居住在河西的匈奴部落,河西走廊开始归属汉王朝管辖。自此,中原王朝不断派官员和从内地移民到包括敦煌在内的河西地区,从而使这一地区由单一的少数民族变成了以汉人为主体的民族布局。敦煌居民来源较为复杂,翟氏亦然,其来源主要有三个方面:一是匈奴部落或丁零部落的后裔;二是北朝时期迁自陇西的翟氏;三是隋唐时期的粟特翟氏。这些翟氏人口众多且广泛分布于敦煌的各城乡。他们当中,以迁自陇西的翟氏最为显贵。这支翟氏原是丁零人,后加入乞伏鲜卑联盟。十六国时期,乞伏鲜卑联盟建立西秦政权,翟氏遂成为陇西当地的“大家”。约在公元五、六世纪前后,因一位翟氏“从官流沙”而子孙世居敦煌。这支翟氏为了尽早融入敦煌的士族社会,他们一经迁入,便冒引“浔阳”和“上蔡”郡望,并于唐初发展为敦煌当地的士族。至归义军时期,这支翟氏更是显赫一时,成为敦煌当地的名门望族。他们不仅与归义军最高统治者张氏家族和曹氏家族频繁通婚,还与敦煌其他世家大族缔结姻亲关系。他们中的众多成员充斥归义军政权,有些还担任都指挥使、都押衙等显官要职。他们重视儒学,以孝悌传家,培育出了许多优秀人才,如节度使曹元忠夫人“浔阳”翟氏、都僧统翟法荣、历法家翟奉达等。翟氏还是一个世代崇信佛教的家族。他们中的许多人俄然落发,舍俗出家,其中一些德性高,声誉好的翟氏还被擢升为法律、僧政、都僧统等高级僧官。而在家翟氏则通过开窟、造像、起塔、转经、写经、布施等活动来表达他们的敬佛之意和供养之心。翟氏家族凭借着强大的经济势力,自北周以来就不断在莫高窟开窟造像。翟氏家族营建的莫高窟第220窟和第85窟分别是莫高窟初唐和晚唐的代表窟。它们是翟氏留给人类不可多得的艺术瑰宝。更多还原

【Abstract】 Dunhuang is located on the western end of the Hexi Corridor, where lived some minorities originally. In 121 BC, Emperor Wudi launched a War at Hexi and defeated the Hun clans who lived there, which put the Hexi Corridor under the rule of Han Dynasty. From then on, the Central Government sent officials and people continuously to settle in the Hexi Region including Dunhuang, and thus changed Dunhuang from a place of single minority to that of multi-nationalities, among them the Han is the principle part.The origin of Dunhuang inhabitants was quite complex, so did the Zhai Family. There were mainly three origins for the Zhai Families at Dunhuang: 1. the offspring of the Hun or Dingling clans; 2. the Zhai Family that migrated in Longxi region during Northern Dynasties, and 3. the Zhai Family from the Sogdians in Sui and Tang dynasties. These Zhai families had a large population and were distributed in every town and country at Dunhuang. Among these families, the one from Longxi enjoyed the highest social position. They were from Dingling previously, and later joined the alliance of Qifu Xianbei, which established the Western Qin in the Sixteen Kingdoms period, and then this Zhai family became powerful in Longxi region.Because a member of this Zhai family took a official post at Dunhuang at about the 5th-6th century, they began to settle at Dunhuang ever since. In order to have a higher social status, this Zhai family claimed themselves to be from Xunyang or Shangcai, as soon as they immigrated here, and developed to be a noble family at Dunhuang. During the Return-to-Allegiance Army period, this Family was more powerful. They not only established a close relationship by marriage with Families Zhang and Cao, the ruling ones of the Return-to-Allegiance Army, but also with other powerful families at Dunhuang. Many members of the Zhai Family were absorbed into the state of Return-to-Allegiance Army, holding important posts. They paid more attention to Confucianism, and promoted filial piety. Thus they fostered many excellent persons, such as Lady Zhai, wife of Cao Yuanzhong, Fa Rong, the general commander of Buddhist activities, and Zhai Fengda, who was versed in calendar. The Zhai family also worshipped Buddhism all the times, and many of its members are monks, some held high posts. They showed their piety by building caves and stupas, making images, transcribing sutras and making donations. They built caves continuously since Northern Zhou supported by their economic power. Early Tang cave 220 and Late Tang cave 85 are representative ones built by the Zhai Family, which are a rare artistic treasure for humankind.更多还原