【作者】 彭永林；

【导师】 盛连喜； 王德利；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 环境科学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 人类社会发展至今,生态环境问题受到空前关注的世界性议题,地球生态环境的恶化趋势已经成为影响人类生存和社会可持续发展的不可逾越的制约因素。加入WTO,对我国各级政府职能提出了一系列要求,生态破坏(污染、荒漠化及沙尘暴)等外部性问题是无法用市场竞争机制解决的问题,政府要承担起这个责任。由于生态环境这种特殊的“资源”已经凸显其公益性特征,因此,政府在解决生态环境问题的思维观念上应该冲破陈旧的桎楛,进而发挥不可替代的关键作用。近30年来,中国经济高速发展之后遭遇到自然生态环境的困境和困扰,其主要原因就是我国经济生产和社会生活(包括政府行为)存在的不合理而造成的。值得庆幸的是,我国中央及地方政府已经开始重视社会经济急速发展过程中的生态环境建设问题。然而,如何科学地、客观地、有效地分析政府在生态环境建设中作用的理论基础,综合评价实际政府的生态支撑能力,最终为解决我国生态环境建设的主要问题提出切实可行的政府行为选择和对策,仍然是生态学、环境科学,乃至相关社会学领域的重大课题。本研究围绕我国生态环境建设过程中的政府的关键作用,首先从其生态学和社会学的理论基础进行了深入探讨分析,提出并阐述了政府生态支撑能力的内涵,其目的是,实现自然与人工生态系统的有效生物生产,同时稳定人类的生存和生产环境稳定,以社会-经济-生态可持续性为目标。其次,通过模糊数学综合评价方法与层次分析方法的比较,建立了政府生态支撑能力评价的方法体系(基本原则、概念框架、指标体系和层次分析模型)。最后,运用本文建立的评价方法体系定量、定性相结合,对于吉林省西部白城市、东部通化市与延边地区进行了实证研究。研究结果表明,通过层次分析模型的理论分析和吉林省东西部地区的实证研究,表明决定政府生态支撑能力的主要因素重要性如下:核心支撑能力＞外部影响能力;政府职能作用＞生态环境承载力＞政府行为效能;人口压力＞生态本底＞土地退化程度＞法规政策决策能力＞主导性＞生产力水平＞宏观管理协调性＞灵活性＞公民教育程度＞公民技术能力。同时,本文结合全省的生态环境建设现状和主要制约因素,提出了政府的行为选择对策和相关的重要建议。突出强调了政府在生态环境建设中的主要职能作用是,如何制定规则和立法,解决国内生产、境外投资和贸易增长所带来的生态破坏问题,制定并严格执行保护生态环境的技术标准,全面实施可持续发展战略。本文的创新性包括如下四个方面:1)初次提出并且定义政府的生态支撑能力,为政府在生态环境建设事业,以及与其相关的产业发展中的职能作用及其行为效能。2)系统地阐述了政府实施生态环境建设的生态学和社会学基础及其相应评价途径。从生态、资源、环境的角度考察政府的角色与作用;从社会经济的角度辨析生态可持续性。3)确立了生态环境建设中政府生态支撑能力评价的基本原则,特别是建立了政府支撑能力的指标评价体系框架(3个层次、14个指标),首次采用层次分析法,根据选择问题的特点和实际评价获得有效数据,建立了层次分析模型(AHP)。从而为定量与定性相结合评价政府在生态环境建设中作用提供了有效的切实可行的方法。4)针对吉林省的典型地区及全省的生态环境问题进行定性与定量相结合的综合评价,提出了政府行为选择的实际对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 The problems of ecological environments in the present human society became a world problematigue, indicating the degradation of ecological environments would give the great impacts on the existence of human beings and social sustainable development. After entering the World Trade Organization (WTO), there have been many needs of governmental functions for China. And the government should be responsible for the ecological issue (pollution, desertification and dust storm) that can noe be solved by the matket mechanisms.Due to the characteristic of ecological environments as the specific resource, it is necessary for the governments to reinvestigate the results of ecological environment problem from a new view, and play an inevitable and important role in improving this issue. During these 30 years China is facing on a paradox of natural environments as economy rising, which resulted from no hormony between economic production and social life incluging governmental behavior. Fortunately, the central and local governments in China pay more and more attentions to ecological environments. However, how to develop the sound theoretical basis of the role and effectiveness in the ecological environment construction, how to evaluate the supporting capacity of government in solving the problem, and how to choice the applicable governmental behavior strategies for the cardinal ecological environment problem are of importance in ecology, environmental science and relevant social science, and also for the practice.For the thesis, the supporting capacity of government in solving ecological environment problems is the core subject for study.Firstly, there have been the deep analysis and explanation in the main aspects of ecology and social ecology, and put forward a new concept of supporting capacity, which aims to realize the high biological production of natural ecosystems or artificial ecosystems, meanwhile, enhance the stability of the existence and production for human beings, and finally achieve the sustainability of society-economy-nature.Secondarily, a multiple evaluation system for the supporting capacity of government in solving ecological environment problems, including basic principle, conceptual framework, indicator system and AHP model, was established by using Fuzzy mathematics and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP).Thirdly, the author gave a demonstrated research on the supporting capacity of government in the representative areas in Jilin Province-Baicheng in the western part, and Tonghua and Yanbian in the eastern part with this multiple evaluation system. And it showed that, for the the supporting capacity of government, the importance ordination for impacting factors as the followings: core supporting capacity > outer impacting capacity; governmental function>ecological environmental carrying capacity>governmental behavior effectiveness; population pressure > ecological background > degradation of soil > making-decision of law and policy>active ability of government>productivity>macro harmony>response ability of government > citizen education > farmer professional or technology ability.Lastly, the applicable governmental behavior strategies for the cardinal ecological environment problems in the whole Jilin Province was put forward based on the ecological environmental circumstances and their impacting factors. It should be emphasized that the main fuctional role of governments will play in the following aspects incluing how to make the rules and laws, how to collaborate or coordinate the internal production, oversea investment and trade increase for reducing ecological envrinments, and how to determine and administrate the technical standards for ecological environment conservation, and carry out the complete strategy of sustainable development in China.There are four aspects to be considered as the new novel points as the followings: (1) Define the new concept of supporting capacity of government, which covers the functional role and its behavior effectiveness during the ecological environmental construction. (2) Systematically analyze and explain in the main aspects of ecology and social ecology, and their evaluation approaches such as ecology, resource, environment, and ecological sustainability. (3) Determine the evaluation principle and the framework of indicator system (3 layers and 14 indicators), and it is the first time to adopt and improve AHP model for supporting capacity of government. (4) Give the applicable governmental behavior strategies for the cardinal ecological environment problems in the whole Jilin Province更多还原