节点文献
中国共产党执政方式研究
【作者】 杨绍华；
【导师】 李松林；
【作者基本信息】 首都师范大学 ， 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育， 2008， 博士
【摘要】 本文研究中国共产党执政方式问题。在分析执政方式的基本理论,总结中国共产党的执政方式发展进程及经验的基础上,阐述新世纪党的执政方式的重大创新,论述创新成果——科学执政、民主执政、依法执政的理论内涵和实践要求,努力探索贯彻落实科学执政、民主执政、依法执政的体制机制保障。贯穿全文的是:一个视角、两条主线、五大关系一个视角,即以马克思主义执政理论为指导,从现代政党执政的视角研究执政方式问题。党的十六大以来,党中央强调,要研究和借鉴世界上其他政党在治国理政方面的有益做法,为加强党的执政能力建设提供强有力的理论指导。世界上一些政党包括西方发达国家政党,在长期的执政实践中探索出了一些行之有效的做法,积累了一些有益经验。吸收和借鉴这些政党执政的有益成果,对于改进中国共产党的执政方式、提高执政能力有着重要意义。正如胡锦涛同志指出:“对世界上其他政党执政的一些做法和措施,我们不能照抄照搬。但对它们在治国理政方面的有益做法,我们要研究和借鉴,以开阔眼界,打开思路,更好地从世界政治经济发展的大格局中把握加强党的执政能力建设的规律。”研究和借鉴世界上其他政党的执政方式,本论文坚持用马克思主义的立场、观点、方法,把现代政党执政经验中属于政党一般规律的东西与属于资产阶级政党阶级性的东西区分开来;坚持从实际出发,从中国的历史传统和基本国情、党情、民情出发,以马克思主义理论为指导,把人类政治文明的优秀成果与本国实际有机结合起来,使理论研究既反映一般政党执政的共同规律,同时又具有鲜明的中国特色。两条主线:一是党要长期执政、执好政,必须坚持科学执政、民主执政、依法执政。而坚持科学执政、民主执政、依法执政,必须以改革创新精神,推进执政党党内以及党外体制机制的改革和完善。二是坚持共产党的领导、人民当家作主和依法治国的有机统一。五大关系:一是执政党与国家政权的关系(包括国家权力机关、行政机关、司法机关);二是执政党与参政党的关系;三是执政党与人民群众的关系;四是执政党与宪法法律的关系;五是执政党的内部关系。正确处理这五大关系的基本精神贯穿了整篇论文。正文分为:绪论、六章、结束语、参考文献、附录、后记序言:综述执政方式研究的发展脉络、研究现状、研究空间和研究意义,界定相关概念,阐述本文的重点难点、主要新意和特点,介绍本文的体系框架、基本思路和研究方法。第一章,阐述政党执政方式的有关理论问题。包括执政党、政权、执政方式的基本内容;国外政党执政方式模式及启示。梳理这些政党执政方式的有关理论问题,为第三章执政方式的重大创新提供理论基础。本课题把执政党和政权作为研究执政方式理论的逻辑起点,作为克服过去存在的以党代政现象的理论依据,体现了一种新的研究视角。第二章,考察中国共产党探索执政方式的历史进程。旨在通过对中国共产党探索执政方式发展历史的梳理和基本经验的总结,从中得出一些带有规律性的认识。如坚持用发展着的马克思主义指导执政实践;坚持执政方式上的与时俱进;坚持执政为民,实行执政的民主化;坚持依法治国,实行执政的法治化;坚持遵循科学规律,实行执政的科学化。总结归纳这些改革完善执政方式的基本经验,为下一章执政方式的重大创新提供实践经验。第三章,系统分析阐述新世纪中国共产党执政方式的重大创新及其由来。认清党执政方式存在的主要问题,分析新世纪党历史方位的变化对党的执政方式提出的新要求。在此基础上,阐述党中央是怎样创新党的执政方式,最终形成科学执政、民主执政、依法执政这一重大创新成果。本章是承上启下的一章。第四章,深入阐述科学执政、民主执政、依法执政的理论内涵和实践要求。从总体上论述“三执政”的核心精神是为人民执好政、掌好权,分别阐述“三执政”的科学内涵和实践要求,分析“三执政”之间内在的逻辑关系,阐明它们是有机统一的整体,共同构成新世纪党的执政方式。本章是整篇论文中的重点。第五章,重点探讨科学执政、民主执政、依法执政的政治体制和工作机制。提出要从科学规范党政关系入手改革和完善党的执政体制,科学规范执政党与参政党的关系,充分发挥民主党派参政议政和民主监督的作用,建立充分体现民主精神的政治参与制度,进一步完善党法关系机制。第六章,重点探讨科学执政、民主执政、依法执政的党内领导体制和工作机制。提出健全科学的党内领导体制和权力运行机制,要从健全党的代表大会制度入手,理顺党内权力授受关系;以健全党委会制度为重点,强化集体领导原则和运行机制;以改革纪检领导体制为保证,构建党内有效的权力监控机制;完善充分体现党内民主的工作机制,确立以党员主体地位为核心的党内民主机制;改革完善党内民主选举制度、民主决策机制、民主监督制度;坚持正确用人导向,提高选人用人公信度;建立以民主为基本取向,以选举为基本前提,以公开和竞争为基本特征的干部选拔任用制度。第五、六章在整篇论文中是浓墨重彩的,在坚持根本政治制度和政治体制的框架下,根据十七大提出的以改革创新精神推进党的制度建设的总方针,在改革完善具体的体制机制方面提出了一些新观点。
【Abstract】 This thesis studies the governance of the Communist Party of China (CPC). By analyzing the basic theory of governance and reviewing development of the CPC’s governance and its historical experience, the thesis expounds the CPC’s great innovations in governance in the new century. It explains how the CPC runs the government scientifically, democratically and in accordance with the law and explores the mechanisms and institutions for ensuring that the CPC’s governance is scientific, democratic and law-based.The thesis emphasizes one perspective, two basic points and five relationships.First of all, we must always follow the guidance of Marxist theory of governance and consider governance from a modern ruling party’s perspective. Our studies on leadership and governance have been, for a long time, confined to how the Party’s nature, objective and organizational principle determine on its leadership and governance and how to elaborate on related statements of our revolutionary tutors. Obviously, all this does not keep in step with the overall situation of China’s reform and opening up, nor suit the needs for our ruling situation and tasks in the new stage in the new century. The Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary pointed out after the Sixteenth Congress that we must redouble our efforts to develop Marxist ruling theory and study and learn from constructive governance practices of other political parties in the world, therefore providing powerful theoretical guidance for improving the Party’s governance capacity. Comrade Hu Jintao said that, " We cannot copy the practices and measures adopted by other ruling parties in the world. However, as for their governance practices that are useful for us, we need to study so as to broaden our horizons and learn how to improve our governance capacity in the overall situation of the world political and economic development."The two basic points mean that, firstly, we must run the government scientifically, democratically and in accordance with the law and must adhere to a spirit of reform and innovation to reform and improve the mechanisms and institutions both inside and outside the Party, if we expect to remain in power for a long time and run the government well; secondly, we must organically integrate the leadership of the Party, the position of the people as masters of the country and the rule of law.The five relationships refer to the relationships between the ruling party and organs of state power, including legislation, administration and judicature, between the ruling party and non-ruling parties, between the ruling party and the people and between the ruling party and the Constitution and laws and the internal relations of the ruling party itself. How to properly handle the five relationships is a basic concept throughout the thesis.The thesis consists of an introduction, six chapters and a conclusion.Briefing on the current situation and importance of studies on governance, the introduction expounds the key points, main idea and innovative notions in the thesis and describes the basic approach of the thesis.Chapter I mainly deals with theories of governance by the ruling party, including the fundamentals of the ruling party, its governance and style of ruling as well as models of governance of foreign parties (modern western parties and communist parties such as the communist party of the USSR) and the lessons we can learn from them. Here, the in-depth explanation of theories about the governance provides a theoretical basis for introducing important innovations in the way of ruling in Chapter III.Chapter II studies the historical development of the CPC’s way of ruling and its general experience in this regard. By reviewing the past, we gain a systematic understanding of the governance and learn that we must always guide our practice with the developing Marxism, keep up with the times in our way of ruling, exercise the state power in the interests and with the support of the people, and run the government democratically, in accordance with the law and scientifically. This experience provides a practical basis for Chapter III.Chapter III systematically explains the CPC’s important innovations in the way of ruling and how they have been made in the new century. By analyzing the main problems in the Party’s governance and clearly recognizing the change in the Party’s historical position in the new century and new requirements of the new situation and new tasks for the Party’s governance, it expounds how the Central Party Committee made innovations in the way of ruling and finally developed the idea of scientific, democratic and law-based governance. The chapter explains how important for the Party to run the government scientifically, democratically and in accordance with the law for a long time. It is an inevitable connecting link of the thesis.Chapter IV thoroughly explains the scientific connotations of scientific, democratic and law-based governance. First of all, it illustrates that the kernel of the governance is to exercise state power for the people; then it expounds the meaning and practical requirements of scientific, democratic and law-based governance respectively; and lastly it analyzes the internal relations of the three-fold governance, that is, they are well integrated and inseparable, a dialectical whole, representing the way of ruling of the CPC in the new century. The chapter is the key part of the thesis.Chapter V focuses on the mechanisms and institutions outside a ruling party for ensuring scientific, democratic and law-based governance. The ruling party’s governance mechanism is crucial to realizing scientific, democratic and law-based governance, so we need to reform and improve the Party’s governance mechanism by starting from rationalizing and standardizing the relations between the Party and the government. To improve the system of political parties is of great importance to the Party’s governance, and we need to continue to improve the system, straighten out the relations between the ruling party and non-ruling parties and give full play to the role of democratic (non-communist) parties in democratic oversight and participation in the deliberation and administration of state affairs. To improve the mechanism for maintaining contact between the Party and the people is a basis for the Party’s governance, and we need to study and improve the Party’s mechanism for mass work, set up a mechanism for contacting, mobilizing and serving the people, build up a system of political participation that fully demonstrates modern democratic spirit, and handle properly the relations between the Party and the media. To improve the relations between the Party and the law is the guarantee for the Party’s governance, and we need to continue to set up a sound mechanism for such relations. Chapter VI emphasizes the internal mechanisms and institutions of the Party for ensuring scientific, democratic and law-based governance. A scientific leadership mechanism within the Party is a key factor for its governance, so we must set up a sound leadership mechanism and a sound mechanism for the exercise of power within the Party. We need to, first of all, improve the system of the Party’s congresses to rationalize the granting and acceptance of the Party’s powers and give play to the role of the congresses, the highest leading body of the Party. Focusing on improving the system of the Party’s committees, we will strengthen the principle of and working mechanism for collective leadership and reform the mechanism for leadership of discipline inspection commissions to ensure that there is an effective power supervision mechanism within the Party. Second, we need to set up a sound working mechanism for ensuring inner-Party democracy, which is the motive underlying the Party’s leadership mechanism. We will set up an inner-Party democratic mechanism where party members play the main role, and reform and improve the Parry’s system of democratic elections, decision-making and oversight. Lastly, we need to continue to deepen the reform in the Party’s cadre and personnel system. We will make breakthroughs in cadres’ selection and appointment system and comprehensively promote the reform of cadre and personnel system.Chapters V and VI contribute considerably to the thesis. They set forth some new viewpoints on how to carry out reform and improvements in the Party’s mechanisms and institutions under the framework of China’s basic political system, which keep to the guideline on carrying forward the Party building in a spirit of reform and innovation set out by the Seventeenth Party Congress.