【作者】 文凯；

【导师】 郭伟；

【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 ， 通信与信息系统， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 无线Ad hoc网络是由一组带有无线收发装置的移动节点组成的,无需基础设施支持的动态可重构多跳自组织网络,具有分布式、自组织、自配置、自管理等特征。由于能量的限制,无线Ad hoc网络面临网络生存时间、无线资源利用效率以及时延要求等方面的挑战。通过在网络中运用合适的节能策略,可以降低网络节点的能量消耗,延长网络生存周期。本论文围绕Ad hoc网络中的节能策略问题,主要研究了随机功率控制策略、基于节点位置的功率控制算法、基于时间广播的功率感知路由协议、基于拓扑控制的功率感知路由协议和基于区域使用代价的节能路由协议等等。考虑无线Ad Hoc网络的特点,首先在第二章中研究了随机功率控制策略。在该策略中,网络节点的发射功率在功率区间上服从均匀分布。研究中利用随机数学的方法分析了随机功率控制下的数据成功传输概率,并运用不同模型参数对随机功率控制进行了性能比较。研究表明随机功率控制在保证通信,减小能量消耗,延长网络生存周期等方面能取得较好性能表现。第三章继续第二章的研究思路,仍然将节能策略聚焦于MAC层,研究了基于节点位置的功率控制算法(PCAP)。PCAP算法利用邻居节点的平面位置分布去分析邻居节点间的节能关系,并根据节点的优化邻居集合完成功率设置,从而合理地降低节点的发射功率。在第二章和第三章研究的基础上,第四章、第五章和第六章对网络层的节能策略进行了研究。第四章研究了基于时间广播的功率感知路由协议(TBPR),协议采用路由请求报文延迟发送机制和路径累计功率消耗比较,选择能量消耗较低的路由进行数据交换。结合第三章的功率高效邻居集合和第四章的路由请求报文转发思想,第五章中研究了基于网络拓扑控制的节能路由协议(TPR)。TPR协议通过功率高效邻居集合控制路由请求报文的转发过程,将传统拓扑控制路由协议中相对独立的拓扑控制和路由建立过程紧密地结合起来,完成功率高效节能路由的建立。第六章研究了网络层节能策略中的另一热点——最大化网络生存时间的功率感知路由协议。研究了基于区域使用代价的节能路由协议(RPR)。RPR协议考虑节点的接收处理功耗,通过控制路由请求报文的广播,选择跳数适中的路由,并通过引入节点的区域使用代价来平衡网络中的能量消耗,最大化网络生存时间。最后,第七章对全文进行了总结,回顾了前面所述的研究工作,并根据目前的研究情况对未来的研究方向作了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wireless Ad Hoc networks, which consist of a group of mobile nodes equipped with transceivers, is a dynamic reconstructable multi-hop network without the support of fixed infrastructures and has some characteristics such as distributed, self-organizing, self-configuring, self-managing, and so on. Due to energy limitation, the wireless Ad hoc networks face with the challenges such as lifetime, effective utilization of wireless resource and end to end delay. In such network, by utilizing the proper Policy of Energy Reserving (PER), the energy consumption can be reduced; meanwhile, the lifetime of network can be prolonged. Focusing on the problem of PER, the policy of Random Power Control (RPC), Power Control Algorithm based on Position of the node (PCAP), Time-based Broadcasting for Power-aware Routing (TBPR) protocol, Topology-based Power-aware Routing (TPR) protocol and Region-cost based Power-aware Routing (RPR) protocol are explored.Considering the characteristics of wireless Ad hoc network, the policy of RPC is firstly researched in chapter 2, in which the transmission power of nodes according to uniform distribution on the power interval. The successful probability of data transmission is analyzed by the method of random processes. Additionally, the performances are compared under the different model parameters. Results indicated that RPC can make good performance such as guaranteeing communication between nodes, reducing energy consumption and prolonging the lifetime of network.Following the idea of chapter 2, chapter 3 continues the investigation of PER at MAC layer. Therefore, the PCAP is proposed, in which analyzed the relationship of energy reserving between neighbor nodes by utilizing position distribution of node, and accomplished the power setting according to the optimized neighbor set, so the transmission power of node can be reasonably reduced.Based on the chapter 2 and chapter 3, chapter 4, 5 and 6 investigate the PER at network layer. In chapter 4, the TBPR protocol is proposed. By using mechanism of deferring route request packets and comparing accumulative power consumption in the route, the route that consumed lower energy is selected for data exchanging. In chapter 5, based on the optimized neighbor set in chapter 3 and the conception of broadcasting the route request packets in chapter 4, the TPR protocol is proposed. In the TPR protocol, the process of relaying route request packets is controlled by the optimized neighbor set. By route setting tightly combining with topology control, which is relative independence process in the traditional topology control routing protocol, the power-efficient route is established.Another research hotspot of PER at network layer, which is maximizing network lifetime for power-aware routing, is explored in chapter 6. Thus, the RPR protocol is proposed. In the RPR protocol, the energy consumption in the receiving process is considered. By controlling the process of route request packets broadcast, and balancing the energy consumption in network via introducing the region cost of node, the route that has moderate hops is selected and the lifetime of network is maximized.Finally, chapter 7 summarizes the dissertation, reviews the above research work and presents the future research directions.更多还原