【作者】 常颖；

【导师】 陈国亭；

【作者基本信息】 黑龙江大学 ， 俄语语言文学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 动词是语言的一个重要组成部分,而语义渗透到语言的各个层面,从词汇、形态、句法到语用,无处不在。因此,应该从动词出发以动词语义为视点多角度立体化地进行整合描写。通过对具体动词语义类别——言语行为动词的语义对比分析,探讨汉俄动词词汇语义、语法语义和语用语义结构的异同,无疑具有一定的学术价值和应用价值。本文的主要内容包括:第一章言语行为动词的语义分类。本章首先对国内外一般动词和言语行为动词的语义分类进行了研究综述,继而借助语义场理论和义素分析理论对言语行为动词进行了初步划分:问答类、交互类、祈使类、情感类、评价类和告知类;第二章汉、俄语言语行为动词的义素分析。本章构建了言语行为动词的义素分析模式,验证了言语行为动词六个亚类划分的合理性,分别对六类汉、俄语言语行为动词逐词进行了释义解析,建构了义素分析结构式,最终根据典型性义征把718个汉语言语行为动词和367个俄语言语行为动词细分成39个小类;第三章汉、俄语言语行为动词的配价研究。本章在对配价语法理论研究进行了详细综述之后,阐述了自己的配价观,考证了言语行为动词是三价动词,研究了其三个配价成分的语义选择问题,进而建构了言语行为动词的句法价句型模式,通过汉俄对比说明深层语义映射到表层结构时的异同;第四章汉、俄语言语行为动词与言语行为表达。本章从言语行为理论出发剖析言语行为动词的意向性和取效性,据此对其进行分类,分析了意动功能语义场下的言语行为动词如何表达“尝试”义和“成功”义,推导出汉、俄语言语行为动词对“成功”义的表达手段,通过对比分析指出两种语言核心表达手段的差异。作为汉俄对比方面的基础性研究成果,本文深化了汉俄言语行为动词的对比研究,为双语词典编纂、语言翻译、语言教学、语料库建设等诸方面提供一定的参考依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Verbs are one of the most important components in language. Meaning permeates into every aspect of language including lexicology, morphology, syntax, and pragmatics. Therefore, a multi-dimensional integrated description of verb meanings is investigated in this dissertation. By a comparative study of the meanings of specific verb category--speech act verbs, the similarities and dissimilarities of the lexical meanings, grammatical meanings and pragmatic meanings of the Chinese and Russian verbs are explored. Hence, an academic and practical value is prospected.This dissertation includes four chapters. Chapter one is the semantic classification of speech act verbs. An overview of the semantic classification of general verbs and speech act verbs is described, and a further classification of speech act verbs is defined by means of semantic field theory and sememe analysis theory which includes Q-As, interactive, imperative, emotional, evaluative and declarative, etc. Chapter two is the analysis of the sememe analysis of Russian speech act verbs. The sememe analysis models of the speech act verbs are constructed here, and which proves the feasibility of the classification of the six sub-categories of the speech act verbs. And also the sememe analysis structures are constructed by analyzing the meanings of the verbs in the six sub-categories of Chinese and Russian speech act verbs one by one. And finally 39 categories of speech act verbs are further classified according to the typical sememe characteristics of 718 Chinese and 367 Russian speech act verbs. Chapter three is about the valency study of Russian speech act verbs. Our valency view is built up based on the detailed overview of the valency grammar theory that speech act verbs are trivalent verbs. A further valency study includes the semantic choices of the three valence components and the construction of the syntactic valence models and also the similarities and dissimilarities of the surface structures reflected by the deep meanings. Chapter four is the description of Chinese and Russian speech act verbs and their expressions. Beginning with the speech act theory, the intention and effect of speech act verbs are explored, and the corresponding classifications are put forward. From a further analysis of how to express“attempt”and“success”in conative functional semantic field, the expression means of how to express“success”in Chinese and Russian speech act verbs are induced and the differences of the two core expression means are pointed out by a comparative study.As a fundamental research fruit as to a comparative study of Russian and Chinese, this dissertation has given a further study of Chinese and Russian speech act verbs and can hopefully provide a reference for bilingual lexicography, language translation, language teaching, and corpora building, etc.更多还原