【作者】 柳燕；

【导师】 高华平；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 中国古典文献学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 18世纪的中国,乾嘉学者们对2000多年的传统学术进行了全面总结,《四库全书总目》可以说是乾嘉学术的代表性作品。《四库全书总目》作为一部大型的官修目录著作,凝聚了乾嘉时期众多学者的学识和智慧,不仅成为中国古代书目编纂的里程碑,而且“辨章学术,考镜源流”,堪称中国古代十分重要的学术文化史著作。《四库全书总目》总体上沿袭了传统的经史子集四部分类法,但是每个部类内部的细化分类,则有一些调整和创新。具体到集部来说,其分为五个小类:楚辞类、别集类、总集类、诗文评类、词曲类。楚辞类是《四库全书总目》集部最小的部类,通过和《郡斋读书志》、《直斋书录解题》、《宋史·艺文志》、《千顷堂书目》、《清史稿·艺文志》、《续修四库全书》、《四库未收书辑刊》等目录著作比较。可以发现《四库全书总目》收录的宋、明两代楚辞类文献相对比较全面,而清代楚辞类文献则遗漏甚多。另外,自《隋书·经籍志》最早在集部设立楚辞类之后,并不是每部目录著作的集部都设立有楚辞类,楚辞类经历了长期的变动发展过程,元明时期楚辞类的归属变化最大,直到《四库全书总目》设立楚辞类后,楚辞类在集部的地位才正式稳定下来。别集类是《四库全书总目》集部收录文献最多的部类,每个朝代著录的文献数量有很大差异,从中可以看出各朝别集的发展特点。别集类与集部其它部类相比,在历代目录著作中,变化最小,但是在漫长的发展过程中,别集类也经历了复杂的分合、调整过程。通过一系列比较研究,我们可以更清楚地看到别集类的发展演变过程及《四库全书总目》别集类在整个发展演变过程中所起的作用。《四库全书总目》总集类收录的文献数量仅次于别集类,在集部排名第二。通过分析各朝总集类文献的数量,可以看到总集的发展和别集的繁盛有直接的联系。总集的发展除了表现在数量的增加上,还表现为总集类型的增加。另外,总集类在唐宋时期,基本上是从驳杂逐渐趋于单纯,而明代则是总集类多元细化发展时期,《四库全书总目》总集类较好地纠正了明代总集类过于细化、过于杂乱的弊端,推动总集类的分类和内容很快稳定下来,并影响到后来的很多目录著作。诗文评类相对于楚辞类、别集类、总集类而言,出现在目录分类中的时间要晚一些,它最开始附载于总集类中,后来设立文史类专门收录诗文评类作品。到了明代的时候,诗文评类在集部的地位仍然很不稳定,“诗文评类”这个名称也没有被广泛接受,直到《四库全书总目》在集部设立诗文评类,之前震荡、混乱的局面才彻底得以扭转,诗文评类目以及著录的内容也最终得以定型。词曲类位列集部之末,本身规模不大,但是其中又分为词集、词选、词话、词谱词韵、曲韵、曲品、南北曲等,故而著录情况实际上比较复杂。宋代词体作品的大量涌现,促进目录著作设立专门的词曲类,在众多的目录著作中,词曲类的名称设定、著录情况等也复杂多变,无定规可循。《四库全书总目》设立词曲类在一定程度上改变了之前的杂乱状况,但是它对清代中后期目录著作词曲类的影响是相对的,它的影响更准确地说是一种辐射和渗透,没有成为一种标准性的范例。存目是《四库全书总目》的一个重要组成部分,它的文献数量要远远多于正目。《四库全书总目》的存目标准很复杂,综合清高宗的上谕、《凡例》、序文、案语,可以看到《四库全书总目》总体的存目原则;而综合集部存目提要中阐明去取之意的文字,则可以更直接、更清楚地看到集部文献的存目标准;由于《四库全书总目》对明清以前文献多持肯定态度,如果把眼光集中到明清之前的被列入存目的集部文献,其中所见存目标准,应该是《四库全书总目》集部最纯粹、最客观、最合理的存目标准。综合《四库全书总目》集部总序、部类小序以及众多独立的解题文字,总结《四库全书总目》对各个部类总体的批评和认识,有利于推进集部研究走向深入。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the 18th century,Chinese QianJia scholars made a complete conclusion of the traditional academic of more than 2000 years.Si-Ku-Quan-Shu-Zong-Mu could be taken as the representative work of QianJia textology.As a huge catalogue work by government,Si-Ku-Quan-Shu-Zong-Mu condensed learning and wisdom of many scholars of QianJia period.It not only was the milestone of China’s ancient catalogue compiling,but also could be taken as the very important historical work on academic culture because of its "BianZhangXueShu,KaoJingYuanLiu".on the whole,Si-Ku-Quan-Shu-Zong-Mu followed traditional four parts Classifying method, Jing-Shi-Zi-Ji.However,the internal Classifying of every Part was adjusted and innovated.Take the Part of Ji for example,it was divided into five smaller Classes:Class of ChuCi,Class of BieJi,Class of ZongJi,Class of ShiWenPing,Class of CiQu.The Class of ChuCi was the smallest in the Part of Ji.Comparing with Jun-Zhai-Du-Shu-Zhi,Zhi-Zhai-Shu-Lu-Jie-Ti,Song-Shi-Yi-wen-Zhi,Qian-Qing-Tang-Shu-Mu,Qing-Shi-Gao-Yi-Wen-Zhi, Xu-Xiu-Si-Ku-Quan-Shu,Si-Ku-Wei-Shou-Shu-Ji-Kan etc,it was found that in the Si-Ku-Quan-Shu-Zong-Mu,documents on the Class of ChuCi of Song and Ming Dynasties were more comprehensive,those of Qing Dynasty were left out a lot.moreover,from Sui-Shu-Jing-Ji-Zhi had set the Class of Chuci into the Part of Ji for the first time,not all the catalogue works had the Class of ChuCi in the Part of Ji.The Class of ChuCi had experienced a long period of development,in the Yuan Dynasty,the Part where the Class of ChuCi belonging to had a maximum change.Until Si-Ku-Quan-Shu-Zong-Mu set the Class of ChuCi,its position in the Part of Ji had been stabilized formally.The Class of BieJi was the one whose documents were collected most in the Part of Ji of the Si-Ku-Quan-Shu-Zong-Mu.Documents’ amount of each dynasty has big differences,from which we chould find the features of development of each dynasty.Compared with other classes in the Part of Ji, BieJi had the least change in the catalogue works of every dynasty,but it also had a complex process of separation,unity and adjustment during the way of the long development.By a serious of comparing and analysis,we can see the process of the development and adjustment of the Class of BieJi and the role it played during this whole process more clearly.The documents’ amount of the Class of ZongJi was the second one in the Si-Ku-Quan-Shu-Zong-Mu,only Jess than BieJi.By analyzing the documents’ amount of the Class of ZongJi in each dynast,we can find that the development of ZongJi had the direct relation to with BieJi’s prosperous.Besides the increase of the quantity,the development of ZongJi also behaved as the increase of the type.moreover,in the Tang and Song dynasties,ZongJi generally changed from miscellaneous to pure gradually.The Ming Dynasty was the period that the Class of ZongJi became many-faceted and trivialized,the Class of ZongJi of Si-Ku-Quan-Shu-Zong-Mu had well corrected the those abuse of the Ming Dynasty,push forward the content and the Classifying of Class of ZongJi to become stable,and affected many catalogue works of posterity.Compared with the Class of ChuCi,Class of BieJi,and the Class of ZongJi,the Class of ShiWenPing appeared relatively later in the catalogue classifying.It was first attached to the Class of ZongJi.later the Class of WenShi was set up to collected the works of the Class of ShiWenPing.In the Ming Dynasty,the Class of ShiWenPing’s position in the Part of Ji was still not stable,the name of "the Class of ShiWenPing" was not acknowledged universally.Until Si-Ku-Quan-Shu-Zong-Mu set up the Class of ShiWenPing in the Part of Ji,the shake and chaos situation before had been turned back,the catalogue and the content of the Class of ShiWenPing had finally fallen into a pattern.The Class of CiQu was placed into the end of the Part of Ji.it scale was not huge,but it was divided into CiJi,CiXuan,CiHua,CiPuCiYun,QuYun,QuPin,NanBeiQu,etc;so the situation of writing and collection was actually very complex.In the Song Dynasty,the works of the style of Ci springed up,and promoted catalogue works to set up a unique class of CiQu.During the numerous catalogue works,the name,writing,and collection of the Class of CiQu were complicated changeful, without any rules.Si-Ku-Quan-Shu-Zong-Mu’s setting up the Class of CiQu has changed the chaos situation before in certain degree,but it had relatively effect to the class of CiQu of catalogue works in the middle and late period of the Qing Dynasty.More exactly,its effect was a kind of radiation and penetration,not a standardized example.CunMu was an important part of Si-Ku-Quan-Shu-Zong-Mu,its documents’ amount was more than ZhengMu.the standard of CunMu in the Si-Ku-Quan-Shu-Zong-Mu was complex,by synthesizing GaoZong’s decree,Fan-Li,preface,comment,we can see the general principle of CunMu of the documents of Part of Ji;by synthesizing the words in the CunMu’s abstract in the Part of Ji which showing the meaning of saving and deleting,we can see the principle more directly and clearly,as the Si-Ku-Quan-Shu-Zong-Mu always show the positive attitude to the documents before the Qing Dynasty,if we pay attention to the documents in the Part of Ji before Ming and Qing Dynasties,which had been put into CunMu,the principle we see should be the purest,most objective and most reasonable one.Synthesizing the general abstract of the Part of Ji in the Si-Ku-Quan-Shu-Zong-Mu,the abstracts of the Parts and Classes and the mass separate abstracts,and concluding the Si-Ku-Quan-Shu-Zong-Mu’s general criticisms and understanding of each Part and Class are propitious to put forward the Study on the Part of Ji to a further step.for the "study of Si-Ku-Quan-Shu-Zong-Mu",these are also beneficial complement.更多还原