【作者】 吴晓燕；

【导师】 徐勇；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 政府经济学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 作为初级市场的农村集市,长期以来是自然而然形成的,生长于自然经济的内在结构之中。而在当代,作为农村社会交换空间的集市,在很大程度上受制于国家,成为国家权力和市场社会内生权力相互交汇的特定场域。本研究运用国家与社会的分析框架,采用微观实证的研究方法,以建国后的农村集市为分析对象,把乡村集市纳入现代国家建构的历史进程中来考察,主要内容从两个维度展开:一是纵向的历史追溯,通过考察建国以后农村集市贸易发展的曲折历程,透视国家政治权力与集市兴衰的关系,探讨国家权力是如何借助集市空间渗入乡村社会的。指出随着现代国家的建立,国家行政权力不断下沉,自然不会放弃对集市的控制,历史上的自治场市成为了国家建构的产物,服从于国家统合乡村社会的目标。市场的兴衰存废折射出农民与国家利益关系的变迁,集市贸易史既是一部农村的社会生活史,也是一部农民与国家的利益关系史,还是一部自然集市演化为国家控制的市场的历史。二是横向的多面相解读,以中共十一届三中全会后集市贸易的恢复发展为背景,从集市规则、集市主体、集市空间三个层面展示集市活动和市场社区运行的现状,描叙多元主体的参与、利益的分割和空间的互动,既考察国家怎样以新的角色规制市场,阐释地方政府、其他市场相关主体如何参与集市规则的创制并揭示它们之间的权益博弈关系;又呈现以经济交换为基础而形成的各种社会力量在从社会边缘走向市场中心后,其间的地位更迭、利益分化、力量消长、权力分割和角色转换的全息图景;还以集市公共空间为载体展现乡村场市生活的原貌,揭示话语、信息等文化力量对乡村社会的秩序建构和功能整合,洞悉国家权力与社会权力互构过程中市场社区功能的变迁。本研究认为,集市作为一种以经济交换为主要活动的场所,在现代国家出现后,源自国家权力与社会权力的共同构造;其规则和秩序既是国家建构的,也是社会自我生成的。集市场域中各种权力的交织、运行和互动体现了国家与乡村社会关系的变迁,呈现出一个集市规则和秩序的建立由一元控制为主走向多元参与的变迁过程;一个国家对乡村社会的整合从外部国家的单向整合走向国家整合与经济社会自我整合相互耦合的过程;一个政治领域垄断一切权力走向权力分散、转移即国家向市场、社会让权的过程;一个从单一直接和强制性的行政控制走向政治、经济、社会和文化权力共同形塑基层市场社区秩序的过程。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a primary market, the country fair has formed spontaneously since a long time ago, and grown in the natural internal economy. In contemporary, as the social exchange space in rural area, it was enslaved to the state in a large degree, and became the specific stage of the interaction between state power and the power formed internally in the market society.Based on the analysis frame of state and society, adopting the research methods of micro-empirical, taking the rural fair after the establishment of New China as the research object, this study inspects the rural fair by bringing it into the history of the modern state’s building and its main content states from two dimensions:First, the longitudinal historical retrospective, by reviewing the devious development of rural fair trade after the establishment of state, it is to investigate the relationship between the political powers of the state, and to discuss how the state power penetrates into rural society by market space. Thereby it points out that as the construction of the modern state and the penetration of the state administrative power into the grass-roots, the government won’t abandon its control of fair; autonomic market in the history becomes the outcome of the construction of the state, and subjects to the aim of the state ruling rural society. The blossom or existence and declination or abolishment of the fair reflects the change of the interest relationship between peasants and the state, the trading history of market is the history of rural social life, a history of interest relationship between peasants and the state, as well as a history of to the market under state control evolving from spontaneously-formed market.Second, diachronically multidimensional interpretation, taking the recovery of market trade after the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC as the background, from the three aspects of fair rules, principal parts of fair and fair space, this thesis shows the status quo of market activity and the running of market community and describes the participation of plural bodies, the division of interest and the interaction of spaces. It does not only inspect how government regulates market by playing new role, explain how the local government and other market-related bodies participate into the formulation of the market rules and reveal the Game relationship between them, and also presents the full prospect about the alternation of their status, division of interest, growth and decline of power, the partition of authority and the conversion of roles, after the time when all kinds of social forces ingress into market center from social margin based on economy exchange; unfolds the original vision of rural market life by taking fair public space as carrier, reveal the formation of order and integration of function with the help of cultural force of discourse and information and understands the changing function of market community in the process of interaction of state power and social power. This study shows that market, as a place mainly for economy exchange, comes from the mutual construction of state power and social power when modern state appears; its rules and orders are not only constructed by government, but also appears spontaneously. The interweavement, running and interaction of various forces in market stage shows the change of relation between state and rural society, presents that the formation of market rules and order is a process varying from being controlled by unitary factor to being participated by multi-bodies; one state’s integration of rural society is a process from externally single national integration to the mutual integration of state and economic society after their own integration; a process from monopolizing all power in political field to decentralization’ transference, that is a process of state dispersing power to market and society; a process from single, direct and mandatory administration control to corporately regulated market community order by political, economic, social and cultural forces.更多还原