【作者】 刘国华；

【导师】 张金池；

【作者基本信息】 南京林业大学 ， 生态学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 在野外实测和室内分析的基础上,对4种地被竹(铺地竹、菲白竹、鹅毛竹、黄条金刚竹)的生态学特性及其固土功能进行了系统的研究,并探讨了4种地被竹的的发笋规律,光合蒸腾变化规律,各竹种叶片在逆境胁迫下的生理指标的变化规律,各竹种根系与土壤性状间的关系及其固土功能等,结果表明:(1)竹种的发笋量呈现“少—多—少”的规律,出笋量达到高峰后退笋增多;高生长随时间呈现“S”形曲线,各竹种完成高生长的时间长短也不同;各竹种修剪后发笋量增多,但生长高度明显降低,生长速度减缓。(2)各竹种4月份、8月份光合、蒸腾日变化均为双峰型曲线,11月份为单峰型曲线。各竹种蒸腾速率8月份最高,日最大净光合速率鹅毛竹在8月份最高,其余竹种在7月份最高。(3)逆境胁迫处理过程,随着胁迫时间的延长,各竹种叶片质膜透性及MDA含量呈上升趋势,叶绿素含量下降,POD与SOD变化趋势相同,均为先升后降。(4) 4种地被竹中,菲白竹水土保持功能最强,其余依次为鹅毛竹、黄条金刚竹、铺地竹。各竹种涵养水源的能力为鹅毛竹>菲白竹>铺地竹>黄条金刚竹。(5)各竹种根系以<0.5mm径级的根系含量最高,0.5-1.0mm根系的含量次之,>1.0mm的根系含量最少,随着土层深度的增加,各径级根系含量逐渐减小。不同径级的根系中,直径在3-3.5mm间的根系对土壤的改良作用最为明显。(6)各竹种枯落物凋落量在7、8月份较高。随着浸泡时间的增加,各竹种枯落物持水量持续增加,吸水速率迅速下降,随着浸泡时间的延长,趋势变缓; 4种地被竹枝叶表面水分蒸发速率与光照、温度呈正相关,与相对湿度呈负相关。(7)各竹种土体抗剪强度随着土层的加深,其抗剪强度下降明显。土体中0.5-1.0mm径级的根系对提高土体的抗剪强度作用最强。(8) 4种地被竹中菲白竹抗冲指数最高为2.632,其余竹种的抗冲指数依次为:铺地竹、鹅毛竹、黄条金刚竹。在各径级根系中,0.3～0.35mm的根系起到的作用最大。随着土层深度的加大,土体水稳性指数逐渐减小。更多还原

【Abstract】 The ecological characteristic and water conservation function of four dwarf bamboos Arundinaria argenteostriata, Arundinaria fortunei, Shibataea chinensis, Sasaella masamuneana f.aureostriata were researched. The law of bamboo shoots emerging, photosynthesis and transpiration changing, physiological indexes changing under stress tolerances, the relation between the roots and soil characteristic and conservation function of these four dwarf bamboos were discussed, the results shown:(1) The four dwarf bamboos presented“less-more-less”on the quantity of bamboo shoots, and the quantity of shoot degradation increased after the climax of bamboo shoot. The height growth showed“s”pattern. The time for the height growth of each species was different. The quantity of bamboo shoots increased after clear-cut, but the height growth reduced and the velocity of growth was slower.(2) The diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate and transpiration were bimodality in April and August, while it was a single peak curve in November. The transpiration rate of these four dwarf bamboos was highest in August, and the net photosynthetic rate of Shibataea chinensis was highest in August, and that of the rest was highest in July.(3) The permeability membrane and the contents of MDA of these four dwarf bamboos increased under the stress tolerance. The contents of chlorophyll decreased, the POD and SOD showed the same changes, which increased firstly, then deceased.(4) Water and soil conservation function of Arundinaria fortunei was the best, and that of the rest was Shibataea chinensis, Sasaella masamuneana f.aureostriata and Arundinaria argenteostriata in turn. The water conservation ability of Shibataea chinensis was the best, and Sasaella masamuneana f.aureostriata was the worst.(5) The root distribution of the four species had the same rule. The root content below 0.5mm was the biggest, and beyond 1.0mm was the least. With the enhancement of soil depth, the roots content was descending gradually. The soil amelioration of 3-3.5mm was the most obvious in the roots of different diameter.(6) The litter fall of the investigated bamboo was bigger in June and Aug. The dynamic course of water-holding capacity and water absorption rate were similar. With the immersion time extending, the water-holding capacity was increasing. At last, the increasing range became small. The evaporation rate of leaves and culms had positive relativity with illumination and temperature, and negative relativity with relative humidity.(7) With the depth of soil increasing, the shear strength descended obviously. The action of 0.5mm-1.0mm roots was the biggest in enhancing the shear strength of soil.(8) The antiscour index of Arundinaria fortunei was 2.632, which was the biggest in these four bamboos. The rests were Arundinaria argenteostriata, Shibataea chinensis, Sasaella masamuneana in turn. In the different diameter of roots, the action of 0.3-0.35mm was the biggest. With the increasing of depth of soil, the water-stable index was descending gradually.更多还原