【作者】 吴祝华；

【导师】 施季森；

【作者基本信息】 南京林业大学 ， 林木遗传育种， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 百合是世界第五大鲜切花,其商品种经过了长期遗传改良。我国是百合属植物自然分布中心,但是仅有少数几个种被育种利用。研究我国百合属植物资源的系统进化关系和保育遗传学,是保护与利用我国百合资源的重要科学基础。(1)分5个片区初步调查了我国的百合属(Lilium)植物资源,详细调查了19种和2个待定材料的分布生境。调查收集了百合、卷丹、青岛百合、药百合、毛百合、渥丹、轮叶百合、细叶百合、百合、野百合、卷丹、宜昌百合、岷江百合、泸定百合、淡黄花百合、宜昌百合、川百合、南川百合、湖北百合、宝兴百合、尖被百合以及2份待定材料。并对其生境进行了分析。(2)以大百合属(Cardiocrinum)大百合(C. giganteum)为外类群。基于百合属植物的花粉形态性状、ISSR分子标记、ITS序列、叶绿体trnL-F区序列分别研究了百合属所收集种的亲缘关系。认为南川百合、卷丹、待定2号、川百合、渥丹亲缘关系较近;百合、野百合、待定1号亲缘关系较近;青岛百合、轮叶百合亲缘关系近;毛百合、淡黄花百合、宜昌百合、岷江百合、泸定百合亲缘关系近。待定1号与百合、野百合亲缘关系近。待定2号与川百合亲缘关系近。(3)对岷江百合进行生境调查,并用ISSR分子标记对岷江百合进行群体遗传结构及其空间自相关分析。结果为种水平的Nei氏基因多样度(h)为0.198 9,Shannon多样性指数(I)为0.333 9。在群体水平上,Shannon多样性指数(I)为0.272 0,表明岷江百合群体的遗传多样性较高。岷江百合的基因分化系数Gst为0.161 9,群体内的遗传多样度Hs为0.1665,占总遗传多样性的83.8%。群体间(Hsp-Hpop)/Hsp所占比例为0.153 7。分子方差分析,群体间遗传差异占总遗传差异为18.49%。表明岷江百合的遗传变异主要存在于群体内,群体间遗传分化较小。基因流(Nm)为2.588。对其中4个群体的遗传变异的空间分布式样进行分析,认为岷江百合的遗传变异空间结构微弱,多为随机模式,部分位点在3～4m至5～6 m与8～10 m具有明显斑块。部分群体的少量位点呈现出侵扰模式。更多还原

【Abstract】 China is nature distributional center of Lilium species, Researches on wild resources are an important base to breed new cultivars.(1)The distribution, ecology environment of 19 Lilium species and 2 unknown types in most of Southward of China and northeast of China were investigated and collected. L. brownii var. viridulum, L. lancifolium, L . tsingtauense andL . speciosum var. gloriosoides, L. dauricum, L. concolor, L. distichum,L. pumilum,L. brownii var. viridulum,L. brownii,L. lancifolium,L. leucanthum ,L. brownii, L. brownii var. viridulum,L. regale, L. sargentiae, L. sulphurreum, L. henryi, L. davidii, L. rosthornii, L. duchartrei, L. lophophorum and L. sp.1, L. sp.2 were investigated and collected.(2)Genetic relationship was analyzed based on the data of pollen morphology, ISSR molecular marker, ITS sequences of nrDNA and trnL-F sequences of cpDNA from each species. The result show that there were closely relationship among L. rosthornii, L. lancifolium, L. sp.2, L. davidii, L. concolor;among L. brownii var. viridulum, L. brownii, L. sp.1;betweenL. Tsingtauense and L. distichum, and among L. dauricum, L. sulphureum, L. leucanthum, L. regale, L. sargentiae.(3) The genetic diversity and spatial autocorrelation of genetic structure of L. regale was analyzed base on ISSR molecular marker. At the species level, the proportion of polymorphic loci was 97.7%, the effective number of allele (Ne) was 1.994 4, Shannon diversity index (I) was 0.333 9. At the population level, the average expected heterozygosis was 0.664. Shannon diversity index (I) was 0.272 0. They showed that genetic diversity of L. regale was high. The Gst of L. regale was 0.161 9,(Hsp-Hpop)/Hsp was 0.153 7,the result by AMOVA analysis indicated that the variation within population account 83.8% and variation among populations accounted for 11.849%, and the gene flow was 2.588. They demonstrated that the relationship of populations was closer. Gene differentiation was acute within population. The spatial autocorrelation of genetic structure of 4 populations were analyzed. The Moran’s I correlogram revealed no significant spatial structure in the 4 populations. It indicated that genetic variations of the most polymorphic loci in these populations were randomly distributed.However, there were gaps at the distance of 3～4m, 5～6 and 8～10 m , and there were intrusion at a little polymorphic loci.更多还原