节点文献
复杂流程分布式控制系统构件研究与模型变换
【作者】 刘晓燕；
【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 冶金工程控制， 2007， 博士
【摘要】 近年来我国复杂冶金流程工业分布式计算机控制系统对控制应用软件的复用及集成需求不断增加,计算机控制应用软件正在向着不依赖于特定的硬件和操作系统以及具有高度可重用性的方向发展。基于构件的软件开发技术已经成为现今计算机控制应用软件复用实践的研究热点,被认为是可满足流程工业控制系统所要求的体系结构的开放性及高度可重用性这一发展方向的关键技术,并面临着巨大的挑战。人们已经意识到,在复杂冶金流程分布式控制软件开发过程中,必须要结合主流软件工程领域中处理复杂软件系统所采用的技术和方法,如:构件化设计、软件开发工具、分层抽象、模型驱动及变换、程序自动生成等。复杂冶金流程分布式计算机控制系统一般是由网络连接的分布式控制来实现,把复杂系统分解成互联的容易实现精确控制的子系统,从层次上分为多级,其结构由不同的控制层次构成,具有较高的构件化特征。众多的中间件产品和开发工具提供了对不同构件模型的实现支持,但是它们由于对分布式计算机控制系统实时构件提供的服务在时间性及可预测性等诸多实时特性方面缺乏支持而不适宜于计算机控制系统的应用。目前在流程工业控制系统应用软件中,把软件的构件化作为解决软件开发、维护、扩展和升级的重要途径,而基于构件辅助设计的可视化软件工具可提高开发人员的软件生产率。本文着重于研究支持复杂冶金流程分布式控制系统应用软件开发的实时多任务图形化支持工具、具有实时特性的实时构件模型及接口语法语义规约以及其图形化设计工具DRSCDE的模型变换方法及代码自动生成技术。论文主要工作及创新有以下几个方面:(1)针对分布式控制系统应用领域研究专门的实时控制系统软件图形化设计工具。分析了实时多任务控制系统的图形化软件设计工具的实时对象图形化设计语言及伪码,包括实时多任务执行体支持的对象如任务、中断、邮箱及信号量等,以及系统调用及程序设计语言三种语句控制结构的图形符号表示及中间语言描述。(2)针对复杂冶金流程工业控制系统应用的实时特征,采用面向基于构件的软件工程的方法创建能够形成具有接口的实时软构件框架的分布式实时应用构件。建立了实时软构件的可视化模型,在高层抽象的含义下定义了可用于具有客户/服务器关系总体设计或架构设计的分布式实时应用构件的图形表示及接口组成成分。给出了软件架构的构件模型元素类型以及构件之间的协作关系定义。提出软件架构的建模层次,研究了DRSCDE基于构件设计的图形化建模方法。(3)为解决DRSCDE环境下构件接口的实时特性,提出实时构件接口语法语义规约,包括功能型接口及非功能性接口的语法语义规约。为解决该环境基于构件的分布式C/S关系的实时软件构件的重用及装配问题,提出了基于C/S关系实时构件之间相互交互的协议规约。规定了构件的非功能性接口在时间性、调度性、合成性、同步、互斥以及资源设备控制方面的语义规约。(4)鉴于UML-RT应用于复杂实时系统的日益广泛性,本文提出了从UML-RT的结构模型映射到DRSCDE环境下的体系结构模型的高层设计的映射方法,研究出了从UML-RT映射到该设计环境体系结构模型的具体方法、约束和限制。解决了UML-RT行为建模模型平滑过渡到实时多任务系统的图形化软构件设计开发环境DRSCDE的过程设计模型问题,采用状态机有限遍历法,提出了把UML-RT状态图行为模型转换到该环境下的实时多任务可执行模型的具体方法。(5)研究将DRSCDE的中间代码自动生成Windows NT操作系统下的API及C++实时代码程序框架技术及代码生成器工具原型。首先研究分析了NT的实时特征及DRSCDE及NT实时执行体操纵的对象,提出了各DRSCDE实时执行体对象的文本语言中间代码对应到Windows NT实时执行体对象映射关系,必要的数据声明和系统调用API,最后采用编译技术给出代码自动生成器的设计方案。
【Abstract】 In recent years, requirement of reuseability and integration for control application software are increasing continuously in distributed computer control system for complex metallurgy process industry in our country. Computer control application software is development toward independent on specific hardware and operating system and reusability with a high degree. Component-based software development technology is becoming one of the hot research issues nowadays in computer control application software reuse practice. It is considered a key technology to meet this development direction of the open architecture and high reusability required by the industrial process control system, and faced with a tremendous challenge.People have realized that in the software development processes for complex metallurgical process distributed control, it is necessary to combine mainstream technology and method used in software engineering for complex software systems, such as: component-based design, software development tools, layered abstraction, model driven and transformation, program automatic generation.Distributed computer control system for complex metallurgy process industry is implemented by distributed control connected by net. It is decomposition into interconnection and easily implenmented precise control subsystems, and divided into multi-level. Its structure consists of different layers of control. It is with higher component-based features. Many middleware products and development tools provide implementation support for different component models. However, they are not suitable for computer control system applications because they are not provided in timing and predictability of services of components in the distributed real-time computer control system, and lack of many other aspects of real-time characteristics. Currently, component-based software is regared as an important way for solution to software development, maintenance, expansion and upgrading in application softwares of control systems for process industry, and component-based visual software tools aided design can increase productivity of software developers.In this thesis, we focuses on research real-time multitasking graphical support tools, real-time component model, specifications of syntax and semantic of interface, and the model transformation methods of its graphical design tools DRSCDE and technology of automatic code generation, so as to support application software development in the distributed control system for complex metallurgical process. The main contributions and innovations of our work are as follows:Firstly, a specialized real-time control system software graphical design tool is researched for distributed control system application areas. Real-time software design objects and symbol representation of graphic design language and intermediate pseudo-code used by this tool are analyzed, including supporting objects by real-time multitasking executive such as task, interruption, mailbox and semaphore, system calland three statement of control structure in programming language. Secondly, aiming at features of real-time applications of control system for complex metallurgical process industry, Component-based software engineering oriented approach is adopted to create a real-time software component framework of distributed applications with interfaces. A real-time model of visual component is created. In high-level abstraction meanings, graphical representations of distributed real-time application components and elements comprised interface are defined which can be used in preliminary or architecture design step with a client / server relationship. Types of elements of component model that are used for describing software architecture, and types of collaboration relationship between components are introduced. A modeling layer method of software architecture and the component-based graphical modeling method are proposed in DRSCDE.Thirdly, syntax and semantic specifications of real-time component interfaces of functional and non-functional are provided so as to solve to real-time features of component interfaces in DRSCDE enviroment. In order to work out reusability and assembly of components for distributed and involved in C/S relation component-based real-time software, interaction syntax and semantic specifications of textual description language are proposed. Semantic specifications of component non-functional interface in time, schedulability, composition, synchronization, mutual exclusion and resource device control are given.Fourthly, guidelines of mapping UML-RT structure models into the high-level architecture models in DRSCDE environment are presented considering UML-RT growing breadth used in complex real-time system. Specific methods and constrains of mapping UML-RT model to the architecture description of this design environment are given. In order to overcome easy translation UML-RT behavior models into this design environment, specific guidelines of transformation UML-RT behavior model into the execution model of the procedural design in this environment are proposed by using finite traverse for the state machine.Lastly, technology of program framework which intermediate textual language in DRSCDE is automatically generated API and C + + codes under Windows NT operating system, and code generator tool prototype are researched. Real-time features of the NT, real-time object manipulated in DRSCDE and exective of the NT are analyzed. The map ping relationships with necessary data declarations and the system call API statements between intermediate textual language in DRSCDE and objects of kernel executive of Windows NT are presented. We focus on research the design scheme of a code automatic generator by using compiler technology.