【作者】 许毅；

【导师】 魏尔清；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 神经药理学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 根据《中国精神疾病分类方案与诊断标准,第3版(CCMD-3)》的定义,同性恋是指“在正常生活条件下对同性成员持续表现性爱倾向,包括思想、感情和性爱行为,对异性缺乏或减弱性爱倾向,也可有正常的性行为”。本课题从1994年10月起,历时10年,对男性同性恋的人群发生率、性行为特征、性定向的神经生物学和神经心理学进行了系统研究。本课题采用定点观察法和捕获----再捕获法,对男性同性恋的人群进行两次调查;采用DPC公司的药盒,以放射免疫测定法进行了男性同性恋组进行了血清性激素水平(TT、E2、PRL、FSH、LH)测定,并与正常男女对照组进行对照;采用韦克斯勒成人智能调查量表——中国修订版(WAIS-RC)对男性同性恋组进行智能检测,并与男女对照组进行对照,分析了男性同性恋者的智能结构以及其性别倾向性分析;采用美国明尼苏达多相人格测验——中国修订版(MMPI)对男性同性恋组进行了人格检测,并且和男女对照组进行对照,检测男性同性恋者心理健康水平,并且进行了男性同性恋明尼苏达多项人格调查表共性因子性别倾向分析。本课题研究结果是:(1)男性同性恋的人群“浮现率”为0.58%,推测男性同性恋人口发生率至少在1%～2%以上;(2)男性同性恋的血清雄激素水平比男性对照组明显为低,而且TT/E2比值也较男性对照组为低:(3)男性同性恋组的智能结构以语言智能为优势,与女性对照组相似,而与男性对照组有较为明显的差异;(4)男性同性恋往往采用与女性相似的心理反应方式,并以自我否定/寻求帮助作为第一反应方式(第一共性因子负荷癔病、疑病、抑郁、精神病态和精神衰弱等五个临床量表)。而男性对照组的第一心理反应方式是抗争型的(第一共性因子负荷癔病、精神病态、精神衰弱和精神分裂四个临床量表);(5)男性同性恋者的心理健康水平明显降低。MMPI得分结果表明,男性同性恋有抑郁、精神病态、男女性化、妄想、精神分裂和精神衰弱6个项目上的T分上超过70分。显示了男性同性恋者全面的心理健康水平下降问题;(6)男性同性恋者中,具有性伴侣数量大的特点。每个男性同性恋者在1年内平均与7.34±5.61个男性同性恋者产生性行为;(7)男性同性恋者对性伴侣的了解程度明显偏低。只有13.70%的被调查者了解对方的健康状态,且主要还是通过对方告知的方式获悉;(8)男性同性恋者与同性间采取的主要性行为方式依次为相互手淫、口交、肛交。极少数采取了口一生殖器接触。而与异性性伴侣采取的性行为主要方式为阴道性交。也有为数不少的男性同性恋者在与异性性行为时采取肛交、相互口交、相互手淫等行为方式;(9)只有11.11%的男性同性恋者在每次肛交时使用安全套。而绝大多数男性同性恋者在与同性发生性行为时偶然或根本不采取安全措施。而在与异性发生性行为时,几乎不采取安全性行为;(10)男性同性恋者与异性结婚(或曾经结婚)的比例达到了46.70%。并且有17.79%的男性同性恋者在1年内与异性保持着性关系。但在与异性阴道性交时,绝大多数(92.51%)偶然或不使用安全套。我们的研究表明:(1)男性同性恋在人群中的“浮现率”大约为0.58%,人口发生率大约为1%～2%以上;(2)男性同性恋者雌/雄激素平衡失调,雄激素水平低于对照组男性;(3)男性同性恋智能结构趋向“女性化”;(4)男性同性恋者的心理反应方式和一般女性相似;(5)男性同性恋者心理健康水平明显下降;(6)男性同性恋者性伴侣数量大、与异性结婚(或曾经结婚)的比例高、虽然具有较高艾滋病相关知识,但仍然采取高危险性行为。更多还原

【Abstract】 According to《Chinese Catalogue of Mental Disorder-Ⅲ》,homosexuality is defined as showing persistent sexual disposition in the aspects of thinking,emotion and sexual behavior towards the same sex under normal living conditions,but has no or reduced tendency towards the opposite sex,whether have normal sexual behavior to opposite sex or not.In the past 10 years,starting from October 1994,we have studied the population,sexual behavior features,neurobiological and neuropsychological characteristics of sexual orientation of male homosexuals in China.With fixed-point observation and capture-recapture method,we had investigated the male homosexual population twice;by using the testing kit provided by DPC company(U.S.A.)and radioimmunoassay(RIA),we had determined the serum level of sex hormones:including TT,E2,PRL,FSH and LH in the male homosexuals,and compared the results to control;by using Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale(WAIS-RC), we had assessed the intelligence status of the male homosexuals,and compared the results to control to analyze and comprehend the intelligence structure and sexual orientation of male homosexuals;by using Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI),we had measured the personality of the male homosexuals,and compared the results to control to understand the mental health level of male homosexuals,besides, we had also performed the MMPI common factors analysis relating sexual disposition of the male homosexuals.The results of present research showed that(1)The emergence rate of male homosexuals in the population is 0.58%,therefore it is presumed that the proportion of male homosexuals population exceeds 1%～2%;(2)The serum levels of androgen in the male homosexuals were much lower than the male control,moreover,the TT/E2 ratio is also lower than the male control;(3)The intelligence structure of male homosexuals with verbal intelligence predominated showed similarity to female control,on the other hand showed significant difference to male control;(4)Male homosexuals intended to manifest the psychological reacting patterns that similar to female when facing problems,as well as displayed self-denial/seeking-help as the first reacting pattem, while the male control displayed contend/challenge as the first psychological reacting pattern;(5)Mental health level of male homosexuals obviously declined.MMPI scores indicated that among the 10 clinical scales,male homosexuals had T-scores greater than 70 in 6 scales which including depression(D),psychopathic deviate(Pd), masculinity-femininity(Mr),paranoia(Pa),schizophrenia(Sc)and psychosthenia(Pt), this revealed the degression of mental health level in male homosexuals;(6)Male homosexuals were having great number of sex partners:each male homosexual generally had sexual behaviors towards 7.34±5.61 male homosexual partners in one year;(7)Male homosexuals lacked in knowledge on the health condition of sex partners, only 13.70%of the participants in our survey understood the health conditions of their partners,which mainly notified by the partners;(8)The major sexual behaviors for male homosexuals towards same-sex partners were inter-masturbation,oral sex and anal sex, in proper order.Very few of them had oral-anal sex.While the main sexual behavior for them towards opposite-sex partners was vaginal sex,many of them also had anal sex, oral sex and inter-masturbation;(9)Only 11.11%of the male homosexuals used condom each time when they were having anal sex,most of the male homosexuals rarely or never used safety measure when having sex with same-sex partners,furthermore,they mostly ignored protective when having sex with opposite-sex partners;(10)46.70%of the male homosexuals married(or ever)opposite-sex,and 17.79%of the male homosexuals were keeping sexual relationship with opposite-sex partners in the past one year,however when they were having sex with their partners,most of them (92.51%)had rarely or never used protective.In brief,we concluded that(1)The emergence rate of male homosexuals in the population is approximately 0.58%,and the proportion of male homosexuals population exceeds 1%～2%;(2)There are estrogen-androgen disturbance in male homosexuals, that the serum level of androgen of whom is lower than the male control;(3)The intelligence structure of male homosexuals inclines to feminism;(4)Male homosexuals is similar in psychological reacting patterns to females;(5)Mental health level of male homosexuals obviously declines;(6)Male homosexuals have great number of sex partners,and many of them married opposite sex,though they possess good knowledge of AIDS,they still prefer sexual risk behaviors.更多还原