【作者】 毛天虹；

【导师】 刘仲林；

【作者基本信息】 中国科学技术大学 ， 科技哲学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 1959年,英国科学家斯诺(C.P.Snow)在剑桥大学发表了著名的演讲——《两种文化》。当年短短一个多小时的演讲促成了当代思想史上一场旷日持久的论战。在此之后,许多学者对两种文化的问题进行了深入的研究和探讨。本文在前人研究的基础上,以创造为视角,探讨两种文化的融合问题。文章从介绍两种文化的发展及研究的历程开始,首先介绍了两种文化发展的历史,包括两种文化在历史上经历的萌芽、联合、对峙、科学主义思潮到两种文化的沟通和交融局势。接着介绍了关于两种文化研究的进程,包括最初斯诺的“两种文化”、萨顿的“新人文主义”、布罗克曼的“第三种文化”和凯利的“第三种文化”。最后介绍了与两种文化发展有关的国内外历史事件。接着阐述了科学文化、人文文化及创造的内涵。首先阐述了科学文化,包括科学的概念、科学的特性,科学文化的概念和科学精神。然后阐述了人文文化的概念和人文精神。最后讨论了各种创造定义,为展开论述主题奠定基础。接下来,论文从创造成果、创造过程及创造境界三个层面深入探讨了科学文化与人文文化的交融问题。在创造成果部分,阐述了检验创造成果的三个主要标准:形式逻辑分析、实践标准和审美标准。在这三个标准中形式逻辑和实践标准主要以科学文化为知识背景,而审美标准更多的是以人文文化为知识背景。在检验创造的成果从初步成果到明晰成果的过程中,科学与人文交融,三个检验标准共同起作用,使创造成果从初步走向明晰。在从创造过程来看科学文化与人文文化的交融的部分中,首先介绍了沃勒斯(G.Wallas)的创造四阶段说。然后从两个方面来阐述创造过程中的科学文化与人文文化交融。首先是从隐性知识着眼,在整个创造的四个过程中,隐性知识作用于整个过程尤其是准备、孕育到豁朗阶段。而对于个人来说,完整的隐性知识储备当包括科学与人文两部分。其次,从创造过程的创造思维来说,创造思维是概念思维(形式逻辑)和意象思维(审美逻辑)交织在一起的。而概念思维对应着科学文化显性部分,意象思维对应着人文文化显性部分。因此,在整个创造过程来说,科学文化与人文文化应该是交织在一起的。然后是从创造境界来看科学文化与人文文化的交融问题。首先阐述了梁漱溟先生的人生的意义在创造,接着阐述了梁先生的创造分为“”成物、“成己”两面的思想,指出在创造的境界层而言,真正的创造是“成物”、“成己”相结合的。成物是物质的层面,而成己则达到了境界的层面,是个体在整个创造过程中整体能力的一种提升。达到这种境界的提升,整体性的提高是需要科学与人文相融的。因此从创造境界来说,科学文化与人文文化也应当是交织在一起的。最后阐述了创造视角下看科学文化与人文文化的交融对培养创新人才的启示。按照创造成果、过程及境界三个层次分别论述了审美教育、通识教育、传统文化教育和诚信教育对培养创新人才的作用。本文的创新之处主要包括以下方面:第一,全文在前人对两种文化融合研究的基础上,以创造实践为视角来研究两种文化交融的问题,视角较为独特。第二,全文以创造的三维立体定义——创造成果、创造过程、创造境界三个层面论述两种文化交融,内容新颖,结构清晰。第三,全文在创造成果、创造过程、创造境界三个层面论述两种文化的基础上,比较全面的论述了对培养创新人才的启示,分析了对培养创新人才有益的几种教育。更多还原

【Abstract】 In 1959, English scientist C.P.Snow has given the famous lecture in Cambridge University about "Two kind of Cultures". In the only one hour the lecture has facilitated a time consuming polemic in the contemporary thinking history. After this, many scholars have conducted the research and discussion on two kind of cultural questions. This article take the creation as an angle of view based on the former research, discusses the question about two kind of cultural fusion.The article started from two kinds of cultural development and the research course, first introduced the seeds, the union and confronts in the history, and from thoughts of scientism to the situation about two cultural communicating and blending. In further, the process of the two cultural research is presented, include the Snow "two kind of cultures", Sutton "new humanism", John Brockman "third culture" and Kaili "third culture". Finally, the domestic and overseas historical events on the two cultures are mentioned in the paper.Then the scientific culture, the humanities culture and the creating connotation is presented. Firstly, described the scientific culture, including science concept, science characteristic, scientific cultural concept and scientific spirit. Then the article the humanities culture concept and the humanities spirit is introduced. Finally the paper is discussed each kind of creating definition, lay the foundation for the expansion of theme discussion.Then the paper talk about the blend of two cultures on the achievement of creation、creation process、creation realm. Were partial in the creation achievement, elaborated the examination creation achievement three main standards: The formal logic analysis, the practice is standard and the esthetic standard. In these three standards the formal logic and the practice standard mainly take the scientific culture as the knowledge background, what but the esthetic standard are more is take the humanities culture as the knowledge background. In the examination creation achievement from the preliminary achievement to in the defined achievement process, background. In the examination creation achievement from the preliminary achievement to in the defined achievement process, the science and the humanities blends, three examinations standards affect together, cause the creation achievement from initially to move towards defined.In from the creation process looked the scientific culture and the humanities culture blend in the part, first introduced (G.Wallas) the creation four stages said. Then from two aspects elaborated in the creation process scientific culture and the humanities culture blend. First is focuses from the recessive knowledge, in the entire creation four processes, the recessive knowledge function prepares, to breed the stage in particular to the entire process. But said regarding individual, the complete recessive knowledge reserve works as including the science and the humanities two parts. Next, said from the creation process creation thought that, the creation thought is the concept thought (formal logic) and the image thought (esthetic logic) interweaves in the same place. But the concept thought corresponds this scientific culture, the image thought is corresponding the humanities culture. Therefore, said in the entire creation process, the scientific culture and the humanities culture should be interweaves in the same place.Then is from the creation boundary looked the scientific culture and the humanities culture blend the question. First elaborated Mr. Liang Shuming’s life significance is creating, then elaborated Mr. Liang’s creation divides into "" the finished goods, "becomes the oneself both sides thought, pointed out says in the creation boundary level, the true creation is "the finished goods", "becomes the oneself to unify. But "the finished goods" mainly are corresponding the scientific culture, "becomes the oneself the more corresponding humanities culture. Therefore said from the creation boundary, the scientific culture and the humanities culture also must be interweaves in the same place. Finally elaborated under the creation angle of view looked scientific cultural and humanities culture blending to raises the innovation talented person’s enlightenment. According to the creation achievement, the process and the boundary three levels separately elaborated the esthetic education, have passed know the education, the traditional culture education and the good faith educate to raise the innovation talented person’s function. Major innovation of this dissertation:1. After blending the achievement of research for two kind of cultural, the paper researches the blending culture problems as view of practice creation.2. The paper discusses the two kind of culture by three dimensional definition which is creating achievement, creating process, creating realm three parts. And the paper is original in contents and clear in structure.3. The paper based on the three aspects which are creating achievement, creating process, creating realm to discuss the revelation for training innovative talents. And analyzed some education modes for training innovative talents.更多还原