【作者】 沈惠平；

【导师】 叶江；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 美国民族主义作为塑造和驱动当代美国外交政策的一个不可忽视的重要性因素,在美国外交政策研究中却很少得到足够的重视,更不用说探讨它对当代国际格局演变的影响了。本文将在前人研究成果的基础上,旨在探讨美国民族主义对当代美国外交政策的影响。美国民族主义可以简单地被界定为以美国“国家利益”和“美国信念”为核心的国家民族主义。这种国家民族主义是通过国家形式表现出来的、与国家利益相吻合或一致的民族主义,也就是民族主义的国际表现。从问题意识来说,本文欲解决的问题就是美国民族主义如何影响了当代美国的外交政策。具体而言,需要阐释清楚以下两个问题:第一、美国民族主义的特殊性;第二、美国民族主义的特殊性对当代美国外交政策的影响。首先,美国民族主义的特殊之处在于美国民族主义中作为其核心的“上帝的选民意识”是一种以理性主义为基础的意识。这是因为,作为一个以政治信念来界定的民族,美利坚民族之所以是上帝的选民不在于美国人民是某一特殊的种族,而是在于美国人民的民主、自由和向前看等理性的精神,更为重要的是这种理性的精神传播具有普遍的意义,也就是有普世性的,因此美利坚民族是天定也就是由上帝选中要将这样的理念传播至全球的民族。正是这种理性化的“上帝选民”意识使得美国民族主义与众不同。在这个意义上,本文的主要创新在于透视分析盲点的创新,即美国民族主义的核心应该是理性主义的选民意识,正是它使得美国民族主义一方面强调美国民族和国家的特殊性或例外性,另一方面又强调美国理念的普世性和美国民族主义的天定命运。其次,在透视分析盲点的基础上探讨美国民族主义如何影响当代美国外交政策。美国民族主义尤其是它的特性在使现实主义与理想主义(外交政策思想)、孤立主义与国际主义(外交政策原则)有机统一的同时,也使得当代美国外交政策中单边主义与多边主义(外交政策形式)之间相互转换与结合。但不管美国外交政策的思想、原则和方式如何,它们都服务于美国的扩张这个总目标。对上述问题进行比较详细的分析和论证,并得出有说服力的结论。由此,就能有助于更好地认识和理解当代美国外交政策的实质。需要指出的是,鉴于美国民族主义的特色,尤其是美国的国际地位即美国在战后的国际格局中占有举足轻重的战略地位及其对当代国际关系的巨大影响,本文还将从宏观上探讨以美国民族主义为指导的美国外交政策会对当代国际格局的演变产生什么样的影响。全文共分七个部分:绪论、第一至第五章以及结语。绪论部分主要交代本课题的研究目的、研究现状、研究方法和创新以及整体的研究思路和框架。第一章主要概述民族与民族主义的相关理论如民族主义的概念与特征、类型分析等,为以后的论述做好理论铺垫;第二章主要是分析美国民族主义的含义、性质和表现以及美国民族主义的形成和发展等;第三章主要是分析和论述美国民族主义对冷战时期美国外交政策的影响,这个过程如何及其结果等。这一部分以越南战争为界,分为杜鲁门时期、艾森豪威尔时期和肯尼迪-约翰逊时期等前三个时期,以及尼克松时期、卡特时期和里根时期等后三个时期;第四章主要是分析和论述美国民族主义如何影响后冷战时期美国的外交政策。这一部分以“9-11”事件为界,分为老布什时期、克林顿时期和小布什时期等三个时期;第五章主要分冷战时期和后冷战时期从宏观上来探讨美国民族主义与当代国际格局的演变之间的关系,这一部分探讨了美国民族主义如何影响了两极格局的形成、发展及其终结以及后冷战时期美国单极化倾向对国际格局的影响。结语部分则就全文作总结,主要在三个方面,即应该如何认识美国的民族主义、它是如何影响美国的外交政策的,以及由此如何认识美国民族主义与当代国际格局演变的关系。更多还原

【Abstract】 American nationalism is an important factor which can not neglected in shaping and driving U.S. foreign policy. People pay little attention to it in the study of U.S. foreign policy, however, to say nothing of its implications on the evolution of contemporary world configuration. This dissertation aims at discussing how U.S. nationalism has affected contemporary U.S. foreign policy on the foundation of existing literatures. U. S. nationalism can be simply defined state nationalism with American national interest and American Creed as the core. The state nationalism is one identical to national interest represented by the state form, i.e., the international exhibition of nationalism. From the perspective of solving pertinent problem, this paper will explain how U.S. nationalism influences contemporary U.S. foreign policy in detail. Concretely, it needs to expound two questions. First, what the distinctiveness of American nationalism is. Secondly, how this particularity has affected contemporary U.S. foreign policy and so on. The former discusses the particularity of U. S. nationalism with the consciousness of God elect as the core concept which makes U. S. nationalism distinct. As the people defined by political idea, why Americans are the Cod elect lies not in the American special race, but in the American rational spirit such as democracy, liberty and looking-forward. More importantly, the spread of American rational spirit has universal meaning. So, Americans are the fated people elected by God to spread those ideas. In the sense, the perspective innovation is this dissertation’s major creation. It is U. S. nationalism core rationalistic elect consciousness that makes Americans not only emphasize their particularity or exception, but also stress the universal nature of American ideas and the destiny of American nationalism. The latter discusses how U. S. nationalism works on contemporary U. S. foreign policy on the base of creative perspective. It is believed that U. S. nationalism especially its particularity brings about the combination between realism and idealism, and between isolationism and internationalism. Moreover, U. S. nationalism results in the transition and link between unilateralism and multilateralism. However, whatever American foreign policy thought, principle or manner is, they all serve the aim of American expansion. After analyzing and demonstrating those problems at length, and also drawing the cogent conclusion, we are able to understand more deeply the essential of contemporary U.S. foreign policy. It should be mentioned that it is quite necessary to discuss macroscopically how U.S. foreign policy directed by U.S. nationalism has influenced the evolvement of contemporary world configuration with regard to the feature of U.S. nationalism, especially the U.S. international status or American strategic position in the post-war world configuration and its great impart on contemporary international relations.This paper is composed of 7 parts. The introduction mainly accounts for the research intent, status quo, methods and innovation, and so on. The first chapter summarizes correlative theories of nation and nationalism, for example, the nationalism’s concept, characteristic and types and the like. The second chapter primarily analyzes the meanings, character, and exhibition of U.S. nationalism and its formation and evolution and so forth. The third chapter principally analyzes and treats the process and effect on U.S. foreign policy by U.S. nationalism during the cold war. It will be discussed in this part in light of the former three administrations that is Truman, Eisenhower and Kennedy-Johnson Administration and latter three administrations that is Nixon, Carter and Reagan Administration basing on the Vietnam War as the division. The fourth chapter treats the process and effect on U.S. foreign policy by U.S. nationalism during the post-Cold War. It will be discussed in this part in terms of the three administrations that is George Bush, Clinton and George W. Bush Administration according to the“9/11”attack as the division. The fifth chapter chiefly discusses the process and effect on the contemporary world configuration by U.S. nationalism during and after the Cold War. In this part this dissertation will construe the relationship between U.S. nationalism and formation, evolvement and expiry of the so-called bipolar world pattern. In addiction, we also analyze the effect of U.S. nationalism on the world configuration after the end of cold war. In the epilogue part, we will draw some conclusions, for instance, how to understand U.S. nationalism, how it has affected U.S. foreign policy and the evolution of contemporary world configuration and so on.更多还原