【作者】 樊珂；

【导师】 李振宝； 闫维明；

【作者基本信息】 北京工业大学 ， 防灾减灾及防护工程， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 为了满足人民对建筑结构各种功能的需求,诸如体育馆屋盖、桥梁这些大跨度结构在当今社会工程中占有重要的组成部分,而且跨度和规模也日益增加。地震是危害人类社会的一大自然灾害,常会造成巨大的生命财产损失。地震中,如果桥梁结构发生破坏,不仅会带来了巨大的直接经济损失,也将严重影响灾害应急、震后救灾和恢复生产等工作。随着大跨度结构工程量地急剧增加,关于这类地震响应特征的研究则呼之而出。相对于一致激励与单向地震波激励,多点多维激励是更符合大跨度结构实际情况的地震动输入方式。目前,国内外对多点激励下大跨桥梁的抗震研究主要局限于理论和数值模拟方面;由于设备的限制,大跨度结构多维多点的振动台试验基本上一直处于“荒芜”的状况。多点激励方面,对实际工程千岛湖大桥进行行波地震响应数值模拟,同时对千岛湖大桥考虑行波效应的随机地震响应进行分析,并对多点激励下的某座大跨度拱桥缩尺模型进行了振动台试验研究,同时利用有限元软件对其进行了多点激励地震反应分析。多维地震动方面,本文着重对国家体育馆屋盖进行了大比例振动台试验,通过分别施加竖向、水平地震作用,以及同时进行竖向和水平地震动的两向地震激励,并对国家体育馆屋盖数值模型进行三维地震响应计算分析,来探索在不同地震波、不同边界约束条件下,其地震响应特征。通过以上研究,主要取得以下几点成果:1.建立了千岛湖大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥有限元分析模型,分析了行波效应的影响和随机响应,得出了视波速在一定范围内会增大地震响应的结论;2.对大跨度拱桥模型进行多点激励振动台试验和有限元数值分析,在正弦波激励下得到了横桥向动力响应以及行波和幅值空间变化的影响,分析结果与试验吻合较好;3.对国家体育馆屋盖双向张弦梁结构1:10模型进行了竖向、水平、竖向-水平两向地震输入下的模拟地震振动台试验(规模之大国内外罕见)和有限元数值分析,获得了结构的响应及其特点。4.通过模拟地震振动台试验和有限元数值分析,获得了滑动支座、铰支座和固定支座条件对结构动力响应的影响特征和规律,可应用于同类工程的抗震分析与设计。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to satisfy the various architectural and function demands, the large-span bridge structure such as the stadium roof, bridge occupy the important components in the contemporary engineering, while the design span and size of new structure are rise in nowadays. Earthquake is one of the natural disasters against humanity community, which often cause huge loss of lives and property. If a bridge was destroyed in an earthquake, it will not only bring directly huge economic-losses, but also would seriously affect disaster emergency, post-earthquake relief work and production resuming. With the number of large-span structures increasing sharply, study on the seismic response characteristics of these structure types are called the out.Compared to the uniform excitation and one-way seismic wave excitation, multidimensional and multipoint earthquake excitation is more in line with the actual earthquake input. At present, both at home and abroad the seismic study on response of large-span structures to the multidimensional and multipoint earthquake excitation was limited to theoretical and numerical simulation only. Just because the limits of equipment, the multi-dimensional or multi-point shaking table test for the large-span structure has been in a "barren rock" of the situation.On multi-input study, set up the 3D numerical model of the practical engineering Qiandao Lake arch bridge, calculate the Qiandao Lake arch bridge response to earthquake by random method and time history analysis method. A long-span arch bridge reduced scale model is adopted in this paper to the shaking table test. And set up the numerical model to computer the corresponding results with finite element software. On multi-dimensional seismic area, this paper focused on national stadium roof by a big proportion model of the shaking table tests. Excited the stadium roof by the distribution of vertical, horizontal earthquake, as well as vertical and horizontal parallel to the seismic shock, analyze the seismic response characteristics with different seismic wave and different boundary conditions.By above research, achievements are follows:1. Set up the finite element model (FEM) of QianDaohu bridge which is long span concrete filled steel tube arch bridge. Analyze the traveling wave effect and stochastic response. Gain the conclusion that apparent wave velocity can increase the seismic response in a certain range. 2. Complete a long-span arch bridge model shaking table test and FEM numerical analysis. Get the dynamic response of transverse bridge to sinusoidal wave, the traveling wave effect and attenuation wave effect. The computer results are well in accordance with the test results.3. Design the shaking table test for the National Stadium roof which is large span two-way beam string structure with vertical, level, vertical-level two-direction earthquake excitation (its scale is so grand to be rare at home and abroad). And the numerical analysis was carried out. The structure seismic response characteristics were obtained.4. By the shaking table test and FEM analysis, the effect of support condition such as slide hinge support, hinge support and fixed support on the seismic response of the roof were achieved, which can be referred to the seismic design of the similar projects.更多还原