【作者】 何明洁；

【导师】 景军；

【作者基本信息】 清华大学 ， 社会学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 本文是对服务业女性农民工劳动过程的一项个案研究。笔者以四川成都一家大型连锁酒楼为调查点,全面考察了该酒楼女性农民工的工作和生活状况。马克思主义劳动研究的经典命题是:劳动过程如何被组织以便劳动力转化为劳动?本文以此为出发点,将布若威的生产政体理论与社会性别视角结合,试图回答三个核心问题:第一,女性农民在服务业的劳动经历是什么样?第二,哪些因素形塑了该酒楼的劳资关系和女工们的相互关系?第三,女性的主体性在劳动过程如何体现?本文将重点讨论资方使用什么样的管理策略造成同一家酒楼中女工的内部分裂,尤其是“大姐”和“小妹”的分裂。所谓“大姐”和“小妹”的区分从表面看好像是一个简单的岁数大小问题,但实质是年龄的社会性别建构及其造成的女性家庭角色和社会责任的差异。女工在工场之外的社会、文化身份对她们的工场表现有关键性的作用。对年龄的社会性别建构一方面使大姐和小妹在处理与资方、顾客、家人的各种关系时表现出明显的差异;另一方面,它被资方纳入用工策略,使大姐和小妹在劳动力市场竞争、劳动力再生产对资方的依赖程度、劳动分工性质上出现分化,导致资方对大姐实施专制型的统治,对小妹实施霸权型的管理。本文将女性农民工在制度性身份、性别、年龄和就业上的特殊遭遇通过酒楼女工群体内的差别待遇展现出来,加深了劳动过程研究与性别视角的结合。全文对劳动者主体性的关注揭示出资本经由劳动过程将女性气质拆裂使用以确保占有剩余价值的事实;通过分析年龄造成的女性群体内部差异,拓展了性别研究的范畴。农民工问题与服务业发展结构性地交织在一起,开展服务业农民工研究对于我们把握转型期经济与社会变迁将具有重要的理论和现实意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 This dissertation is a case study on the labor process of female migrants in service industry. The year-long qualitative study was carried out in a large-scale chain restaurant located in Chengdu, capital of Sichuan Province. How the labor process is organized to facilitate the transformation of labor power into labor? It is a classical question of Marxist labor studies, hence the starting point of this research. Through participant observation on female migrants’daily work, the author integrates gender perspective into Michael Burawoy’s production regime theory, attempting to answer the following questions: (1). What are the work experiences of female migrants in service industry? (2). Which factors have influenced the labor-management relationship and relationships among workers? (3). How female migrants’subjectivity is exhibited through labor process?The paper focuses on the management strategies which result in the split of female migrants working in the same restaurant, especially the differentiation between the“older sisters”and the“younger sisters”. The difference may simply seem to be a matter of age, nevertheless the real reason is the gender construction of age and its distinct consequences on women’s family roles and social responsibilities. On the one hand, it leads to their different responses to the management, the clients and their families; on the other hand, capitalized by the management, it results in differentiations among female migrants in terms of competition of labor power, labor reproduction and dependence, and the distribution of work. Thus comes despotic control on the older sisters and hegemonic domination on the younger sisters, by the restaurant management.For a better understanding of labor studies from gender analysis’perspective, the paper also discusses female migrants’special problems at work in terms of their institutional identity, gender and age. Its concern on the laborer’s subjectivity digs out the fact that the management splits women’s subjectivity through labor process to secure surplus value. Its focus on the inner differences among female migrants has broadened and enriched gender studies. The expanse of migration and the development of service industry in China are structurally interwoven. Sociological study on migrant workers in service industry has significant bearings on the understanding of China’s economic and social changes.更多还原