都市文化与唐代诗人心态

【作者】 谢遂联；

【导师】 董国炎；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 唐代都市的繁荣发达有诸多佐证史料,唐代诗人跟都市存有多层次联系。本文试图整合唐代诗歌与都市文化相关资源,借助具体诗歌文本来剖析唐代诗人于都市情境下心态的基本特点,同时对中国古代都市文化作某种形而上的思考。全文主要包括以下内容:绪论部分概述了古代诗歌与都市文化的密切关系,分析了都市角度诗歌研究的必要性及其困难所在,在此基础上,提出从都市文化心态角度进行诗歌研究的设想及其依据。同时,从都市研究和心态研究两方面介绍了与本选题有关的研究成果。第一章在考察中国古代都市的政治性本质的基础上,从京城诗的政治性夸饰与讽谏、恋都心态、个人化情感的疏离与集体性情感的缅怀等三个表现最突出的方面,论述了政治都市本质对于诗人心态的影响。同时,结合古代都市文化特点,剖析诗人上述心态的形成原因。第二章以商人、妓女这两类都市商业文化的体现者为主要参照,论述商业文化对于诗人心态的影响。与行迹上的重合相反,士人在心态上对于商人多持疏离心态,“心迹离合”可大致概括有唐一代士人与商人的关系,其中折射出士人对于都市商业化的人际关系的明显不适应感及重义轻利倾向。士人与妓女之间在现实层次上表现为商业关系,而在心灵层次上却多表现为“合”的关系。文人在这两组文化参照中审视自身于都市的生存方式与人生追求,对士人的特定身份作自我体认。第三章重点考察唐代节庆诗歌中所描绘的都市风情,试图探究唐代都市风情多经由节庆诗歌予以表现的文化动因,并分析了其中蕴涵的特定文化心理。笔者认为,由于古代都市的政治性本质,唐代诗人在平日与市井文化形成对视,在诗歌中谨慎保持与世俗趣味的距离。而节庆由于符合儒家张弛有度的政治伦理,并暗合了春天祈求丰年的农业经济背景下的都市心态,从而成为都市风情表现的重要载体。第四章在分析都市环境与乡村环境的主要区别的基础上,从都市安身焦虑、都市人际焦虑、都市前景焦虑三个层面探讨了体现于诸多诗歌文本的带有普遍性的都市生存焦虑问题。第五章探讨农业经济背景对于诗人都市焦虑纾解的影响。都市植根于农耕经济文化,而诗人的出身也与农业背景密切相关,这就决定了大部分诗人都市焦虑的纾解总体上指向山水田园。唐代诗人基于山水田园因素的焦虑纾解主要表现在两个方面:一是部分具有山水田园诗形貌特征的诗歌其实有着潜在的都市背景,反映出士人阶层纾解都市焦虑的努力;二是都市园林别业诗由于融合了山水田园因素于都市情境中,因此也成为了士人都市焦虑纾解的重要手段。第六章就唐代宗教与都市文化的密切关系设论,分析了佛教与道教对于诗人都市焦虑纾解的影响。唐代士人往往“出入三教”,从自己的精神需要出发,以实用的态度观照佛、道二教,把宗教当成一种纾解焦虑的重要手段。士大夫借助佛教、道教所进行的纾解都市焦虑的努力主要体现在以下两个方面:其一是借助佛寺、道观的幽美环境纾解焦虑,其二是借助宗教精神的内核,即宗教的教理和思想来纾解内心焦虑。更多还原

【Abstract】 The prosperity of the city in the Tang Dynasty has many supporting historical materials , this has determined that the poets in the Tang Dynasty have multi-level contacts with the city. This paper attempts to analyze the basic characteristics of Poet mentality in Urban background by integrate the Tang Dynasty poetry and urban culture-related resources. At the same time, inquiry the cultural characteristics of Ancient Chinese cities.This paper includes the following elements:The introduction overviews the close relationship of the ancient poetry and urban culture,and then analyses the necessity and the difficulties of Poetry Research by city culture. on this basis, put forward ideas to perspective of cultural mentality. At the same time,introduce the research results of urban Studies and mentality Studies.The first chapter discusses the impact of poet mentality from the following three areas: the political boast and the political advice in the capital poetry,the Miss of capital, and the personal feelings of alienation and the collective memory of the emotional. At the same time,on the basis of exploration to the cultural characteristics of the ancient cities, analyze the the causes that format the poet’s above mentality.Chapter II discusses the impact of urban commercial culture to the poet mentality as two references of poets in urban instituite. In contrast of the path of the coincidence the poets are more alienated to the busiessmen on the mentality. This summed up the relationship between the poets and the busiessmen. In the Tang Dynasty The mentality of poets obviously are not suited to the performance Commercial relationship in the urban.The relationship between prostitutes and poets in reality level are Commercially,but in spirit level are Coincidencely. Through the both relationship,the poets thought of their own destiny in urban instituite.Chapter III focused on urban festival style that depicted in many poetrys, and trying to explore of cultural reasons that lead to these description. I believe that the poets format an opposite attitude to pop Culture in normal days because of the political nature of the ancient city. Festival description meet the political ethics of Confucianism that claimed the reasonable rhythm between relaxation and tension. The other reason of the festival description is that it meets the wishes that prays for good harvest in Spring. Chapter IV discusses on the issue of anxiety in the urban environment: the anxiety for survival, the anxiety for the interpersonal and the anxiety for the future on the basis of main differences between rural Pastoral and urban environment.Chapter V discusses on the issue of relieve the anxiety in urban. The city rooted in the farming economy and culture, many poets who are also closely related to agricultural background, which determines the majority of the poet to relieve the anxiety of the city at the landscape and pastoral on the whole. The poets alleviate their anxieties mainly in two aspects: first, part of an idyllic landscape morphology of the poetry in fact has a potential urban background, reflecting the attempt of poets to relieve the anxiety of the city’s ,the other is Urban gardens which became an important means of relieve the anxiety because of the convergence of poetry’s Pastoral factors in the situation in the city.Chapter VI discusses on the close relationship between the Religion and Urban Culture in Tang Dynasty. For their spiritual needs, many poets treat Buddhism and Taoism as an important means of anxiety relieving. Many poets relieve their anxieties in the following two aspects: first, with temples ,the concept of beautiful environment, to relieve the anxiety, and the second is with the spirit of the religious core, namely, the religious justification and ideas to alleviate the inner anxiety.更多还原