【作者】 朱燕；

【导师】 祖嘉合；

【作者基本信息】 北京大学 ， 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 大学生学术不端的治理是大学德育中重要研究领域,是当前理论界、教育界十分关注的重大现实问题之一。研究这一问题既有理论意义又有实践价值。本文研究美国大学生学术不端的防治问题,以阐述美国大学生学术不端行为的界定、类型构成、相关因素及原因等基本问题为前提,通过对高校事前预防,事后探查及处理,以及校外因素参与学术不端防治三方面的考察和分析,归纳出美国大学生学术不端防治模式的特点,并从社会历史文化及德育理论的角度剖析该模式的利弊得失,在此基础上得出对我国高校学术诚信建设的启示。本文坚持以马克思主义为指导,结合已有研究对美国大学生学术不端的基本理论问题进行分析。本文从历史的角度对美国学术界提出和使用学术不端概念的情况进行了追溯考察,对大学生学术不端及相关概念做出界定。在此基础上对学术不端行为的类型构成、普遍程度、影响因素及原因等问题进行了梳理。本文主要从三个方面入手考察了美国大学生学术不端防治的具体措施。1.美国高校对大学生学术不端行为的预防是通过在整个校园内培养学术诚信氛围和制定执行学术诚信政策的“双保险”实现的,其中荣誉准则是公认的营造学术诚信氛围的有效策略。2.对大学生学术不端行为尤其是剽窃行为迹象进行探查通过高校对舞弊迹象的寻找和对剽窃论文的追踪而实现;对学术不端案件的处理通过正当程序完成。3.防治大学生学术不端,美国政府机构中的研究诚信办公室的参与、司法机构的介入、学术团体等出台的诸多举措,对促进大学生学术诚信行为产生了积极作用。在总结美国大学生学术不端防治模式的特点之后,本文从道德教育的视角,从德育理念的历史变迁、主流道德教育理念对学术不端防治模式的影响两方面分析了大学生学术不端防治的经验;同时对这一模式的存在问题及其道德教育根源,以及互联网技术带来的新挑战做了阐述。研究美国对大学生学术不端的防治,最终目的是指导我国大学生学术诚信建设的实践,本文最后部分在总结我国大学生学术诚信建设的现状之后,得出了美国高校学术不端防治模式对我国的几点启示:道德教化与制度约束相结合,完善高校学术诚信规范;尊重学生主体地位,将学生纳入学术共同体;加强教师学术道德建设,发挥教师的示范作用;发挥学术团体对大学生学术诚信的促进及约束作用;研发新技术应对互联网挑战;加大对大学生学术诚信问题的理论研究力度。更多还原

【Abstract】 The prevention and management of college students’academic dishonesty is an important researching field in college students’moral education, and one of the highly concerned greatly realistic problem in today’s academia. To study on this problem has both theoretic and practical significance. This paper studies on the prevention and management of college students’academic dishonesty in USA. After expatiates the definitions, types, correlative factors, as well as reasons of college students’academic dishonesty in USA, this paper reviews and analyses how do American colleges and universities prevent students’academic dishonesty in advance, detect and manage students’academic dishonesty afterwards, as well as how do the factors out of campus participate in the prevention and management. Then this paper sums up the characteristics of the prevention and management pattern of American college students’academic dishonesty, and analyses the advantages and disadvantages of this pattern from social, historical and cultural angle of view, as well as from moral education theories. On this basic, the enlightenments to our country’s academic integrity construction are educed.In the first part, sticking to the guidance of Marxism, this paper analyses some elementary theoretical issues. This paper makes a historical review to the advancing and using of the concept of“academic dishonesty”in USA, and makes definitions to college students’academic dishonesty and correlative concepts. On this basic, this paper concludes the types, prevalence, correlative factors, as well as reasons of college students’academic dishonesty in USA.In the second part, this paper reviews specific measure to prevent and manage college students’academic dishonesty in USA. Firstly, the prevention and management is realized by means of cultivating academic integrity ethos, as well as establishing and implementing academic integrity policies, in which the honor code is an acknowledged effective strategy to create academic integrity ethos. Secondly, the detection to the evidence of students’academic dishonesty esp. plagiarism behavior is realized by searching for cheating evidence, along with tracing the plagiarizing paper. Dealing with college students’academic dishonesty is according to the due procedure. Thirdly, the participating of American government esp. ORI, the participating of judicial procedure, as well as the acts of academic institutions, all have positive effects to promote college students’academic integrity.In the third part, this paper summarizes the characteristics of the prevention and management pattern of American college students’academic dishonesty, and analyses the experiences of the prevention and management of college students’academic dishonesty in USA from visual angle of moral education, as well as from the influences of historical changes of moral education ideas and the mainstreams of moral education theories to the prevention and management pattern of American college students’academic dishonesty. At the same time, this paper expatiates the problem of this pattern and its root in moral education, as well as the challenges that the internet brings.In the last part, this paper summarizes the present situation of our country’s college students academic integrity construction, and reaches some enlightenments to us: Make college academic integrity policy perfect. Respect students’status for self-determination, bring students into academic community. Strengthen academic moral structure of college teachers and exert teachers’function of example.Exert academic institutions’function in promoting college students’academic integrity. Exploit new techniques to deal with the challenges from Internet. Strengthen the research on problem of college students’academic integrity.更多还原