【作者】 马明申；

【导师】 庄宗明；

【作者基本信息】 厦门大学 ， 世界经济， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 改革开放以来,我国吸引外资取得了巨大成就,外资的进入对中国经济、社会发展所产生的深远影响也受到社会各界的重视。其中,外商对华直接投资的外溢效应及其对中国经济的影响成为近年来学术界关注的焦点问题。本文以美国对华直接投资为分析对象,着重探讨其外溢效应的产生和传递以及对中国经济的影响,并总结出其不同于总体外商对华直接投资的外溢效应的特殊性。首先,本文对改革开放以来外商对华直接投资的特点进行了概括性分析,并在此基础上,对外商对华直接投资的外溢效应对中国经济增长、国内投资以及产业结构的影响进行了实证分析。结果表明,国外资本的进入,对我国的长期经济增长会产生显著影响,而外资对中国国内投资的影响则不是很明显。外资进入对中国产业结构的影响则主要表现在加大了三次产业的结构偏差、加快了工业结构的高加工度化进程等方面。其次,在详细分析美国对华直接投资的特点的基础上,探讨了美国对华直接投资的外溢效应对中国经济增长、国内投资和产业升级的影响,结果表明:美国对华直接投资对我国的经济增长会产生显著影响,但与总体外商直接投资对中国经济增长的影响存在较大差异;与外商对华直接投资的总体影响类似,美国对华直接投资对中国国内投资的影响并不明显;美国对华直接投资对中国技术进步和产业结构的影响,则主要表现在其先进技术和管理模式所产生的带动效应方面。此外,本文还研究了影响美国对华直接投资外溢效应的各种因素,并运用两部门模型对其进行测算。结果表明,经济开放度和人力资本的结合对美国对华直接投资外溢效应的影响最大,反映吸收能力的本国企业技术水平指标也产生了正向作用。最后,在理论和实证分析的基础上,阐述美国对华直接投资外溢效应的特殊性。从外溢效应的产生机制和途径来看,美国对华直接投资通过示范—模仿途径、关联效应途径和人员流动途径都能够产生正的外溢效应,但通过竞争途径产生外溢效应的效果较差。从产生外溢效应的行业来看,高科技行业是产生外溢效应的重点行业;知识密集型服务业是产生外溢效应的潜力产业;而垄断型企业较多的行业阻碍了外溢效应的产生。更多还原

【Abstract】 Great achievement has been made in China in terms of attracting FDI since its reform and opening-up, and people also focus on the impacts of foreign investment on China’s economic and social development more and more. The spillover effect of FDI in China and its impacts on China’s economy has been the key issue in academic circles nowadays. The dissertation chooses U.S. FDI in China as target, and emphatically study how its spillovers happen, transfer and affect China’s economy. On the basis of analysis before, the dissertation summarize the characteristics of spillover effects of U.S. FDI in China that are different from those of total FDI in China.First, the dissertation analyses the features of FDI in China since reform and opening-up briefly, and on the basis of them, some empirical analysis are made, which are on the impact of spillover effects of FDI in China on economic growth, domestic investment and industrial structure. The empirical results show that penetration of foreign capital obviously affect the long-term economic growth of China, however it doesn’t affect domestic investment remarkably. The influences of foreign capital on China’s industrial structure are mainly including that enlarging the structural deviation of the three industries, speeding up the course of highly processing in China’s industry structure, etc.Second, after analyzing the characteristics of U.S. FDI in China in detail, the dissertation explores how the spillover effects of U.S. FDI in China influence economic growth, domestic investment and industries upgrading. The results of research indicate that U.S. FDI in China obviously affect China’s economic growth, but it’s different from the impact of total FDI in China; like the total impact of FDI in China on domestic investment, U.S. FDI in China doesn’t affect domestic investment remarkably either; the impact of U.S. FDI on China’s technological progress and industrial structure is mainly the driving-effect stemmed from it’s advanced technology and management mode. Moreover the dissertation discusses some factors that influence the spillover effect of U.S. FDI in China, and makes count of them through two-department model. The results of count show that the combination of economic openness and human capital have the largest impact on the spillover effects of U.S. FDI in China, and the index of domestic enterprises’technology which reflect absorptive capability also have positive effect on them.Finally, on the basis of theoretical and empirical analysis, the dissertation elaborates the particularity of spillover effect of U.S. FDI in China. In the view of the path and mechanism of spillover-effect, U.S. FDI in China makes positive impact through all the paths of demonstration-imitation, linkage and personnel turnover effect ,but through competition path, its spillover effect is found inferior. As for the industries that are influenced by spillover effect, hi-tech industry is the focal industry where there is positive spillover effect; knowledge intensive services is the potential industry that produces and take advantage of spillovers from U.S. FDI in China; however, the lack of spillover effects to domestic firms appears in such industries where there are too many monopoly enterprises.更多还原