【作者】 余锋；

【导师】 徐崇利；

【作者基本信息】 厦门大学 ， 国际法学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 WTO作为国际经济共治机构,它倍受关注。WTO决策法律制度作为WTO体制中的重要一环,亦被发达国家和发展中国家所重视。本文对WTO决策法律制度的民主问题进行了较为深入的研究,分析了WTO决策法律制度缺乏民主的成因,阐述了总干事和秘书处是如何对WTO决策法律制度的民主产生影响,指出了WTO决策法律制度的民主与效率之间的关系。在此基础上,为提高WTO决策法律制度的民主,本文进行了一些理论探索,提出了一些意见和建议。本文分为导论、正文和结论三大部分,其中正文共有六章。导论部分对WTO决策法律制度做了简要的概述,并说明和介绍了本论题的研究意义、研究现状、研究资料与方法以及本文的结构安排。第一章从必要性和可行性两个角度论述了民主在国际关系领域的适用,并指出了在国际关系领域适用民主时应当注意的几个问题。第二章对WTO决策程序是否民主进行了分析。本章认为,无论是从WTO成员方的有效参与,还是从WTO决策程序的透明度来看,WTO决策程序中的民主现状都是不容乐观的。一方面,成员方有效参与WTO决策程序的广度有待拓展,参与深度有待加强,参与范围有待拓宽;另一方面,WTO决策程序的内部透明度和外部透明度有待提高。第三章围绕WTO决策程序的内部和外部民主赤字及其解决而展开。首先分析了发达国家提出的改革“绿屋会议”的诸多建议,对其进行了较为深刻的批驳,并就如何改革“绿屋会议”提出了务实的“三步走”计划;接着说明了非政府组织参与WTO决策程序的应有定位。第四章主要讨论WTO表决制度的民主问题。本章对GATT/WTO表决制度的历史沿革进行了阐述,在分析GATT/WTO在不同时代采用不同的表决制度的历史背景及其成因的基础上,指出了WTO正在出现的政治化危险信号,最后对WTO各项表决制度是否民主做了进一步的探讨,认为一国一票简单多数决是WTO最为理想的民主表决制度。第五章对总干事与秘书处如何对WTO决策法律制度的民主产生影响做了论述。本章指出,建构民主的WTO决策法律制度,要求总干事与秘书处在筹备和召开正式与非正式会议的过程中,应恪守WTO协定对它们职权及职责的规定,站在中立及客观的立场上,对成员方的意见给予及时和正确的反映。第六章探讨WTO决策法律制度民主与效率之间的关系。本章认为二者虽然在总体上是一种相辅相成的关系,但是,WTO决策法律制度的民主价值要优于其效率价值。结论部分从民主的角度对WTO决策法律制度可供选择的改革方案做了总体上的区分,指出WTO决策法律制度有两种改革途径:一是理想模式的改革;一是理想模式之下的次优改革路径。站在发展中国家的立场,并结合中国作为一个负责任的发展中大国的基本定位,本章阐述了发展中国家及中国在WTO决策法律制度改革问题上的最佳选择和次优选择。更多还原

【Abstract】 WTO raises concerns as an organization of international economic co-governance. Both developing and developed countries attach great importance to WTO decision-making legal system which plays an important role in WTO institution. This dissertation further studies democracy in WTO decision-making legal system, by analyzing the reason why the legal system lacks democracy, setting forth how Director-General and The Secretariat exert their influence on democracy of WTO decision-making legal system, and discussing the correlation between democracy and efficiency in WTO decision-making legal system. Basing on the discussion, this dissertation carries on the related theoretical exploration and provides some suggestions for democracy in WTO decision-making legal system.This dissertation consists of Introduction, Body and Conclusion, and there are six chapters in Body section.Introduction makes a brief generalization of WTO decision-making legal system, and covers research significance, current research status, research references and methods, and structure arrangement of the dissertation.Chapter One discusses how democracy adapts in international relations from the perspectives of feasibility and necessity, and points out several issues that we should pay attention to when democracy adapts in international relations.Chapter Two analyzes whether or not democracy conducts in WTO decision-making process. It is found that democracy in WTO decision-making process does not seem to be optimistic, in terms of effective participations of WTO members and transparency of WTO decision-making process. On one hand, effective participations of WTO members should be enhanced, on the other hand, WTO decision-making process needs to be improved in internal and external transparency both.Chapter Three focuses on internal and external democracy deficit existing in WTO decision-making process. Particularly, this chapter makes an in-depth discussion of suggestions on reforming“Green Room meetings”proposed by developed countries, and then proposes the three-step plan on the reformation of“Green Room meetings”, in which it analyses what roles non-governmental organizations should play when participating in WTO decision-making process.Chapter Four mainly discusses democracy in WTO voting system. This chapter makes a thorough introduction to the history of GATT/WTO voting system. Basing on the analysis of historical backgrounds and factors of different voting rules adopted in different ages, there appears to be a dangerous sign of politicization in WTO. Finally, with the further exploration of whether or not democracy conducts in voting systems, it is concluded that majority voting is the most democratic WTO voting rule.Chapter Five makes an introduction on how Director-General and The Secretariat exert their influence on democracy in WTO decision-making legal system. This chapter points out, in order to establish WTO decision-making legal system, Director-General and The Secretariat should obey their duties regulated by WTO in the process of preparing and convening formal or non-formal meetings, and make prompt and right response from a neutral and objective point of view.Chapter Six, by analyzing the correlation between democracy and efficiency, brings forward that the value of democracy should be prior to that of efficiency in WTO decision-making legal system.Conclusion generally distinguishes available reform projects in WTO decision-making legal system, and points out two reform approaches, that is, the best and the second best option under the ideal pattern. Finally, it illustrates the best option and the second best one open to China, when she faces the reform in WTO decision-making legal system as a responsible developing country.更多还原