【作者】 宋子岭；

【导师】 马云东；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁工程技术大学 ， 采矿工程， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 露天开采工艺是露天矿开采设计中最重要的技术决定,我国露天煤田赋存条件复杂,开发一个露天矿究竟选用何种开采工艺,至今还没有一个被大家公认的可靠的理论上的依据,本文首先对我国煤田进行大量的调查、统计与分析,根据煤田的赋存特征、开采条件等建立了露天煤田分类指标体系,建立了分类指标的量化模型以及其权重系数的确定方法,采用模糊聚类法对其进行分类,并对每种类型的煤田提出可行的开采工艺,通过建立露天开采工艺系统适应性评价指标体系和各种常用露天开采工艺系统的适用条件模型,对某种可行性开采工艺的适应性,通过建立每个影响因素适应性的隶属度计算模型,再根据各个影响因素的权重系数综合得出被评价开采工艺的适应性指标,从而对开采工艺的适应性进行评价,为我国露天矿设计中的工艺选择提供指导和理论依据。为提高现代露天矿开采设计的工作效率和设计质量,快速而准确地处理大量的基础数据,本文对露天煤田建立了矿床地质模型,论述了矿床地质模型的建立方法、估值方法、面模型及三维立体模型的建立方法、地质储量计算方法、地质图件的绘制方法。提出了一种适合于倾斜矿床的考虑了煤矿床各向异性的改进的距离幂次反比估值法,提高了估值精度。经济合理剥采比是确定露天开采境界、划分露天煤田范围的主要依据。目前露天矿经济合理剥采比是与井工开采成本对比计算得到的,计算时没有考虑井工开采的安全事故、地表沉陷等所造成的巨大经济损失,同时也没考虑露天开采对生态环境破坏和环境治理成本,本论文综合考虑上述诸因素,利用概率统计法建立了由上述各因素所构成的成本计算模型,提出了一种新的经济合理剥采比确定方法。对于露天矿生产剥采比的控制,本文提出了在市场经济条件下,综合考虑煤质指标、运距变化等因素的改进的生产剥采比确定方法。同时提出了新设计露天矿和生产露天矿生产剥采比的控制措施,在保证剥采不失调的前提下,尽量不进行超前剥离,用最小的生产剥采比,采出最多的有用矿物,这种方法对现代露天矿具有一定的指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The surface mining technology system is the main technique decision about open-pit mining design. The surface coal fields are complex in seat condition, what technology is selected for a surface mine has not a reliable and received theory rest on. In this thesis, I founded a surface coal fields classifying index system basis on coal field feature and mining condition by investigating and statistics and analyzing. Digital models of the classifying index are founded; the power coefficient calculating method is eatablished. The coal fields are classified with fuzzy get-together method. And the workable technology systems are matched for any one type coal field. It is founded that are the mining technology system compatibility’s evaluating index system and the mining technology suitable for conditions model. We can evaluate a mining technology system via seting up attribution-degree calculating model about any one evaluating factor and the power coefficient. These provided theory basis for selecting the surface mining technology. The deposit models are founded in order to improve mine design quality and working efficiency, to deal fastly with abundant datum. In the thesis, I discussed the found methods of deposit model, estimating value methods, surface model and 3D model set method, reserves calculating, geology drawings plotting method. One improved distance power inverse ratio method of estimating value is put forward, this method think that the coal deposit is different character in every direction. And the model precise is raised. Economic reasonable striping ratio is the foundation to make sure the open pit limit and surface coal field bound. At present, it is confirmed by camparing underground mine cost. It dosn’t include that are cost of underground mining accident, cost of the earth’s surface sinking and the cost of environment treat of surface mining. This thesis put forward a new economic reasonable stripping ratio confirming method that involve above-mentioned costs, witch are calculated by cost model upbuilded with probability and statistics. For productioun stripping ratio is made certain, a new improved method of thinking coal quality and transportation distance is brought forward. At the same time, the stripping ratio control measours of new design open-pit and producted mine are put forward. Minging more coal with little overbueden under ensureing correspond overbueden and mining coal. This is beneficial for modern surface mining.更多还原