晚清西方兵学译著在中国的传播（1860-1895）

【作者】 闫俊侠；

【导师】 邹振环；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 历史文献学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 西方兵学的东渐,由明末清初开其端,后来虽由于种种因素而中断,但鸦片战争之后,随着传教士的再度入华而再次复兴,尤其是第二次鸦片战争后,开始呈现出强劲的势头。晚清翻译刻印的西方兵学著作浩如烟海,但目前尚未得到全面、系统的整理及研究。笔者对目前收藏西方兵学译著最为集中的中国国家图书馆、上海图书馆、复旦大学图书馆、北京大学图书馆等馆藏晚清西方兵学译著进行了比较系统的调查。然后,在爬梳整理原始文献的基础上,对1860年至1895年间的西方兵学译著进行了一系列的探讨。正文部分除绪论、余论之外,另包括四章。本文第一章“明末清初兵学新知识的导入”,主要在依据前人研究成果的基础上考察了明末清初引入的兵学新知识点。通过考察发现,此时西方兵学知识的传播范围还很有限,并未与中国传统的兵学体系发生正面的交锋与冲突,更不要说成为一般中国人的兵学常识了。第二章“晚清西方兵学知识的传播(1860-1895)”,通过宏观和微观结合的研究方式,先对该期西方兵学著作在中国的翻译、传播情况进行了一个较为完整的全景式勾勒。然后以机构、译员、类别、出版量、文本选择为切入点,归纳分析了此期兵学翻译活动的特点,并进而探讨了出现这些特点的原因。最后以此期有代表性的译著文本《枪炮操法图说》、《海战新义》为中心,对其进行了个案研究。第三章“机构与译书——江南制造局翻译馆”,对该期在翻译出版西方兵学著作的进程中发挥有重要作用的翻译机构——江南制造局翻译馆进行了专门考察。首先梳理了该馆此期翻译出版西方兵学著作的情况,接着以译员、种类、出版量、文本选择为切入点,归纳分析了此期该馆兵学翻译活动的特点,然后以中西译员的代表(舒高第、傅兰雅)为线索,梳理他们翻译兵学著作的情况、种类及影响等,以考察中、西译员在兵学翻译活动中各自所做出的贡献,最后选择该馆其他译员若干比较重要的译著文本进行个案介绍。第四章“文本的价值——以《普法战纪》为例”,从文本价值的角度,对王韬编译的《普法战纪》进行个案分析。首先梳理了该书的编撰过程,接着对该书的版本内容、史料价值进行了分析,然后又探讨了该书中所呈现出的王韬的军事思想,最后揭示该书在当时所产生的影响。附录一“晚清西方兵学译著知见录”,系以笔者所见兵学译著为基础,参以晚清各种西学目录及大量文献资料编制而成。附录二是本文所征引的文献目录。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is during the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty that Western strategic works first came to China.After the First Opium War (1839-42),Western strategic works revived because of Protestant missionaries’ activities in China.After the Second Opium War(1856-60), the trend of introducing this Western knowledge turned out to be extremely strong:a large number of Western strategic works were translated and printed.These works,pertaining great importance of the transmission of Western knowledge into China,deserve today scholars’ attention to do comprehensive and systematical research.The author has made systematic inquiry of Western strategic works that are collected in NLC(the National Library of China),Shanghai Library,Library of Fudan University,and Peking University Library.A series of research on Western strategic works(1860-1895)is based on the sorting of these original literature.The dissertation includes four chapters,in addition to introduction and conclusion.On the basis of previous studies,ChapterⅠ,named "Introduction of New Strategic Knowledge During the Late Ming Dynasty and Early Qing Dynasty",is the investigation of new knowledge of strategies that were introduced during the period of time.The author argued that the scope of transmission is limited then and new knowledge didn’t not confront or conflict with traditional knowledge of strategies, not to mention that it would become common sense among average Chinese.ChapterⅡ,known as "Transmission of Western Strategic Knowledge the Late Qing Dynasty",firstly outlines panoramic conditions that Western strategic works were translated and transmitted in China through ways and means integrated macroscopic and microscopic visions. Secondly,the chapter analyses and concludes characteristics of translation activities and their reasons from different angles of institutions, translators,sort,number of publications and choice of texts.Then it follows case studies focused on two representative works,one is Illustration of Operating of Firearms(《枪炮操法图说》)and the other one is New Significance of Naval Battles(《海战新义》).ChapterⅢ,about Institutions and Translation,is specifically focused on the Kiangnan Arsenal,an institution which played an important role during the process of translation and publication of Western strategic works.This chapter begins with investigation of the bureau’s translation and publication,then chooses translators,sort, publication quantity and choice of texts as breakthrough points to analyze and to conclude characteristics of its translation activity.Then it follows the sorting of types and influence of their translation through the clew of representative translators domestically and from abroad,such as Shu Gaodi and John Fryer,to investigate their respective contributions to the translation of strategic works.ChapterⅣValue of Texts:A Case Study of Wang Tao’s Records of the War between France and Prussia(《普法战纪》).The book was translated and edited by Wang Tao.The chapter begins with the investigation of the compilation process of this work,then analyses transmission of edition,content and literature values.Wang Tao’s military thoughts and the influence of his works are also discussed in the chapter.AppendixⅠis a review work of the translations of Western strategic works.It is based on the works mentioned in the dissertation research and the reference to a large number of contents and literature of Late Qing Dynasty.AppendixⅡincludes contents of reference in this dissertation.更多还原