清代常州城市与文化：江南地方文献的发掘及其再阐释

【作者】 叶舟；

【导师】 王振忠；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 古代史， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 本文尝试通过对江南地方文献的再发掘与整理,对清代常州城进行一个微观的分析,其研究目的为:一是了解清代一个江南城市的具体运作情况,并探讨政治、经济、文化诸因素如何在一个中国城市的发展变迁中互相影响,发生作用的,探讨中国传统城市的性质以及传统社会中的城乡关系。二是探讨城市对文化繁荣的推动和促进,以及人文因素在城市发展的过程中所起到的作用。本文主要将分成四个部分。第一部分是城市空间与市场体系。首先通过对常州城市的地理位置、生态环境、经济开发、行政建制、人口消长等一系列历史演变的考察,来讨论常州城市发展的前提与条件。分析城市空间布局的形成原因。其次是研究城市的商品经济发展和商品流动情况。最后讨论商人、商帮与城市之间的关系。第二部分是城市管理与控制。通过城市中一系列的管理活动,如公共工程、救荒减灾、慈善事业等方面来讨论城市中士绅精英群体与地方政府的互动关系,以及社会控制和管理中所反映的城市的诸种社会面貌。第三部分是城市的社会生活。将选取两个视角,即宗族组织、民间信仰来研究清代常州城市的社会面貌。首先,通过讨论宗族组织的城市化倾向,通过城市中宗族组织内部的巩固和分裂的二元性,来研究宗族组织与城市社会之间的互动,以及宗族组织所反映的城乡关系。其次是通过对城市中民间信仰体系和迎神赛会等信仰活动的分析及陈果仁等部分神祗的个案讨论,来审视城市中官方、士人、民众等不同社会阶层对待民间宗教的态度,对城市各阶层的社会状况及其互动,以及民间社会与正统意识之间的关系作一思考。第四部分是城市文人与城市文化。主要讨论城市文化的主体即知识阶层的活动情况,利用经过修正的文化资源的概念,以及毗陵七子等文人团体的个案分析,对城市知识阶层的构成和内部分层进行研究,讨论在城市文化精英的形成过程中,城市环境、宗族邻里、文人社团等因素所产生的作用。并通过白云溪这一重要的城市文化景观和知识阶层的互动来讨论城市文化的多面性。更多还原

【Abstract】 In micro analysis to Changzhou city in Qing Dynasty, this thesis presents two objectives: firstly, to explore the operation of one city in Jiangnan Qing Dynasty, and demonstrate the way politics, economy and culture interact on in this developing city;secondly, to demonstrate how the culture was pushed and promoted by city and acted in city’s development. The thesis is based on four papers.Paper I is Urban space and market system. At first, Describing the history evolvement of geography, environment, circumstance , administration and population in Changzhou City, Paper I presents the conditions of city development and reasons of city space structure to be. Merchandising and developing of economy are also discussed as well as the relationship of city with merchantman and chamber of commerce.Paper II is Administration and control in a city, analyzes the urban administration. Interaction of local government and elite, and all kinds of social status are demonstrated based on activities study such as local defense system, public project, disaster relief and charity.Paper III is Urban community. In two ways, kinship organization and popular religion, Paper III presents Changzhou city’s society in Qing Dynasty. The interaction of kinship organization and city society, and relationship of urban and country are both studied by exploring the urbanization of kinship organization and its duality between solidifying and breaking inside. On the other hand, urban popular religion system and temple-fair activities are demonstrated with one example of god ChenGuoRen (陈果仁) , which show the attitude to popular region and social living of different classes in city. From these, complicated interactive relationship between state power and local society is proposed.Paper IV is literati and urban culture, discusses the literati’s activity in the city, Using the concept of revised culture resource, and the example of PiLinQiZhi(毗陵七子), structure and stratification of literati are researched to obtain the effect on form of literati from city environment, agnation, and literati’s group. At last, I will try to discuss variety of urban culture by research an important culture landscape—White Cloud Creek (白云溪) .更多还原