【作者】 张俊儒；

【导师】 仇文革；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 桥梁与隧道工程， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 论文从研究隧道围岩稳定性入手，以数值模拟计算和现场测试为基本研究手段，对单层衬砌在工作过程中锚杆、喷混凝土以及其与围岩相互作用的力学原理进行了系统的阐述，并通过室内实验研究初步提出了用作单层衬砌的喷射混凝土力学性能控制指标，在此基础上提出了详细的隧道单层衬砌设计原则和具体的设计流程，最终应用于工程实践，初步形成一套具有理论支撑的单层衬砌设计方法。主要结论和成果如下：1、研究了褶皱、断层等地质构造和地形对围岩稳定性的影响，并提出在N.Barton岩质评定系数Q值计算式中引入褶皱影响系数、断层影响系数以及地形影响系数，反映其影响程度的大小；引入屈服接近度对洞室围岩稳定性进行总体评价，并根据屈服接近度的大小对洞室稳定性进行了分级，分为：充分稳定、稳定、临界稳定以及不稳定四种。2、提出了采用屈服接近度对围岩稳定性进行总体评价完成预设计，运用松动圈支护理论修正设计的单层衬砌设计思路，将隧道支护设计向准定量水平推进了一步，提高了设计的准确性。3、通过数值模拟分析首次得到了围岩压力与围岩变形的全过程特征曲线；指出单层衬砌支护的主要对象是围岩破裂过程中的岩石碎胀变形或碎胀力。4、结合围岩松动圈支护理论，研究了由单层喷射混凝土及锚杆构成的单层衬砌作用机理，并给出了相应的支护措施。喷射混凝土支护的受力机理分为两类：局部受力和整体受力；单体锚杆的作用机理在非连续性岩体中主要表现为悬吊或销钉作用，在连续性岩体中锚杆锚固力主要是峰后围岩碎胀变形与锚杆相互作用的结果。5、引入接触力学对由多层混凝土构成的单层衬砌结构的作用机理进行了研究，并与复合衬砌结构进行了比较。在同等荷载条件下，支护结构的厚度相同时，单层衬砌结构比复合衬砌结构产生的内力小20％～50％；如产生的内力相等时，单层衬砌结构比复合衬砌结构的厚度可减薄1／5～1／4，隧道开挖量减少5％～8％。由多层混凝土构成的单层衬砌结构中，内力分配遵循“先时间，后刚度”的原则，即支护早施作早受力；同时承载条件下，刚度越大，其所承受的内力也越大。6、在对喷射混凝土基准抗压强度、初期强度、粘结强度以及抗渗性能研究的基础上，并结合国内外相关的工程实践，初步提出了用作单层衬砌的喷射混凝土力学性能控制指标。7、采用正交试验设计法研究了影响松动圈大小的各种因素，按其重要程度从大到小排序依次为：隧道高跨比、围岩强度比以及侧压力系数；将松动圈支护理论应用于铁路隧道围岩分级，提出了200km／h双线高速铁路隧道的围岩分级表、单层衬砌支护参数表以及详细的隧道单层衬砌设计原则和具体的设计流程，服务于单层衬砌设计。更多还原

【Abstract】 The dissertation, proceeding with researching stability of surrounding rock, expounds the rationale of rock bolt、shotcrete and interact with surrounding rock when single shell lining operating , by the means of numerical simulation and in-situ test, in the same time, presents mechanical property guideposts of shotcrete used for single shell lining by laboratory experiments, based on which detailed design philosophy and design cycle were brought forward and applied to engineering practice, and a set of design methodology of single shell lining with theoretical support was first formed too. The main conclusions and achievements are as follows:1、The impact that corrugation、dislocation and other geologic structures and terrains act on stability of surrounding rock was researched, and the paper presents introducing corrugation、dislocation and terrain influence coefficient to rock assessment coefficient Q of N.Barton to reflect the degree of such impact; Yield approach degree was introduced to evaluate tunnel stability, and by which to give a four-grade classification: very stable、stable、critical stable and unstable.2、Design methodology of single shell lining whose thought was to accomplish pre-design by estimating the stability of rock with yield approach degree and to amend design with supporting theory of broken rock zone, was brought forward to improve the level of quasi-quantitative design and to increase the accuracy of design.3、The all process characteristic curve of pressure and deformation of surrounding rock was first gotten by numerical simulation, and the paper indicates that the support object is the expansion deformation or force during rock breaking.4、Based on support theory of broken zone, action mechanism of single shell lining that made up of single shotcrete and bolt was researched and relevant support measure was given too. Stress mechanism of shotcrete support can be divided into two kinds: the part stress and the whole one; Action mechanism of single bolt mainly behaves as suspension and dowel action in discrete rock, while, bolt pressure is mainly the interactional result of expansion deformation and bolt in continuous rock.5、Contact mechanics was introduced to research the action mechanism of single shell lining that made up of multilayer shotcrete, which was compared with that of composite lining. The inner force produced by single shell lining was less 20%-50% than that produced by composite one in the case of same thickness and load, else if produced approximately equal force, single shell lining needed 1/5-1/4 less thickness and 5%-8% less excavation. So it can save project cost for reducing excavation and lining masonry to adopt single shell lining. The distribution of inner force in single shell lining that made up of multilayer shotcrete followed the principle of "first time, then rigidity" which means that "early construct, early stress" and "bigger rigidity, bigger force" when loading together.6、Based on experiences both in and out nations, mechanical property guideposts of shotcrete used for single shell lining was presented by the research to reference compressive strength、initial strength、bond strength and impermeability of shotcrete.7、All factors that influence the area of broken rock zone were studied by orthogonal experimental design, and collated by importance as: Height-to-span ratio,the strength ratio of surrounding rock and lateral pressure coefficient; Support theory of broken zone was applied to rock classification of railway tunnel, presenting rock classification table、support parameter table、detailed design philosophy and design cycle of single shell lining, which were suitable for double-way high-speed railway tunnel with a speed of 200km/h.更多还原