美国华侨华人与台湾当局对其政策研究（1949-2002）

【作者】 孙逊；

【导师】 许嘉；

【作者基本信息】 中国人民解放军外国语学院 ， 英语语言文学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 美国华侨华人一直是促进中美两国交流与合作的一支重要力量。由于中国至今未实现统一以及两岸处于分裂和对峙的状态,美国华人社会内部也长期处于分裂之中。“外交”、侨务、经贸、“国防”和大陆政策是台湾当局“国家安全”的重要支柱,其中侨务工作是台湾当局拓展所谓“国际生存空间”的第二管道。长期以来,台湾当局的侨务政策是造成美国华人社会分裂和对抗的重要因素。本文以1949年新中国成立后美国华人社会与台湾当局的侨务政策为研究对象,以台湾当局对美国华人社会的策略演变为切入点,对美国华人社会内部在“合法代表”和“统独之争”两个核心政治问题上的较量展开了深入的探讨和研究。这是学术界鲜有涉猎的一个课题,开阔了我国美国研究的视野;笔者希望通过本文,能对国家的侨务政策和对台政策提出一些建设性的见解和建议。全文除绪论外,由五章组成。第一章是对1949年至1964年美国华人社会政治分化的历史透视,这一时期华人社会内部表现为意识形态的对抗,台湾国民党当局在华人社会居于支配地位。本章在深入分析台湾当局的侨务政策的基础上,对国民党在美国华人社会的演变进行了历史考察,对华人社会两大阵营的对抗以及影响因素进行了剖析论证。第二章分析了1965年至1978年美国华人社会与台湾当局侨务策略的关系,这一时期美国华侨华人在美国民权运动的影响下政治上开始觉醒,台湾当局对华人社会的控制和影响逐渐减弱。本章详尽论述了60年代美国华人社会新兴力量的发展,论述了台湾当局对美国华侨华人的策略与手段,对国民党势力在美国华人社会的活动进行了深入的分析研究。第三章阐述了1979年中美建交到1988年美国华人社会与台湾当局侨务策略的关系,这一时期美国华人社会亲大陆力量迅速发展,台湾当局对美国华侨华人的影响处于退缩时期。本章从多个层面分析了国民党势力在华人社会退缩的原因。第四章对1989年后台湾当局侨务政策的演进脉络进行了梳理,分析了“台独”路线对台湾当局侨务政策的影响,这一时期“反独促统”成为美国华人社会的主线,台湾当局的政策造成了华人社会新的分化。第五章是研究发现和政策建议,对50多年来美国华人社会与台湾当局政策的关系及其演变进行总结,并概述了规律和特点。笔者在研究的基础上,提炼出几点研究发现,即我国政府对待美国华侨华人的应掌握的基本原则,并提出了本人对美侨务工作的政策建言。这些建言对于国家有关职能部门制定侨务政策具有一定的参考价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Chinese Americans have long been an important force in promoting the exchange and cooperation between China and the United States. However, the fact that the Chinese on both sides of the Taiwan Straits have yet to realize their unification has contributed to the division among the Chinese communities in the US over the issue of Taiwan. Taiwan’s policies towards China’s mainland and overseas Chinese as well as its diplomatic, economic and defence policies are regarded part and parcel of what the Taiwan authorities refer to as“national security”. The Taiwan authorities consider their work in the field of overseas Chinese affairs as“the second pipeline”to seek more“international space for existence”. The overseas Chinese affairs policy pursued by the Taiwan authorities is the root cause for the division and antagonism among the Chinese communities in the US. This dissertation takes for subject of research Taiwan’s overseas Chinese affairs policies since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, which covers a period of more than half a century. It carefully traces the Taiwan authorities’changing policies towards the Chinese communities in the US, and makes a detailed study of two core political issues the Chinese communities in the US are involved in, one of which is“Who is the legitimate representative of China”, the other“unification or independence”. This is a topic that has been scarcely touched upon in the academic circles.The thesis consists, besides an introduction, of five chapters. Chapter 1 discusses the political division among the Chinese communities in the US during the period between 1949 and 1964 and points out that the political antagonism among the Chinese Americans was caused by the dominant influence exerted by the Taiwan Kuomintang authorities. Based on an analysis of the policies pursued by the Taiwan authorities towards the Chinese Americans, the chapter makes a detailed study of Kuomintang’s policy evolution, of two opposing camps among the Chinese communities in the US, and the causes leading to the opposition. Chapter 2 covers the period between 1965 and 1978, addressing the relationship between the Chinese communities in the US and the Taiwan authorities’stratagems in dealing with overseas Chinese affairs. It points out that under the influence of the US civil rights movement, the Chinese Americans began to wake up politically and a new force among the communities emerged and the control over them by the Taiwan authorities began to show signs of weakening. Chapter 3 deals with the policies adopted by the Taiwan authorities to the Chinese Americans during the period between 1979 and 1988 and their influence on the latter. This chapter deals with the rapid development of a force among the Chinese communities in the US that support the People’s Republic of China and the ebbing of the influence by the Taiwan authorities over the Chinese Americans and its causes. Chapter 4 discusses the evolution of the overseas Chinese affairs policy by the Taiwan authorities since 1989, analyses the impact of their line of“independence for Taiwan”on their overseas Chinese affairs policy. During the period, the Chinese communities in the US are mainly concerned with“Fan Du Cu Tong (anti–independence and promotion of unification)”which becomes a new issue which divides those communities. Chapter 5 is about the discoveries made in writing the dissertation and policy suggestions. It sums up the policies adopted by the Taiwan authorities and their evolution for more than half a century and the relationship between the Chinese communities in the US and these policies. The nature and characterictics of these policies are also discussed. The author, based on the research, has put forward some principles for our government to treat the Chinese Americans and make some policy suggestions for our overseas affairs policy.更多还原