【作者】 周金池；

【导师】 马履一；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 森林培育， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 本文在河北平山退耕还林区进行了林地水肥状况及其改良技术的研究。首先对研究区的气候和土壤状况进行了详细分析,为林地水肥改良技术的实施提供了坚实的基础。其次结合气候分析对研究区不同立地下的水分状况进行了研究;最后,为了有效利用当地的水分资源,研究了保水剂和肥料改良水肥状况的效果,并对树种水肥耦合效应进行了初步研究。本论文的主要研究成果如下;1.分析了研究区研究时段(1998～2002)的大气资料,并同30年(1961～1990)的气候资料进行了比较。结果表明,研究区的大气温度有上升趋势,较30年前增加了1℃;大气降水有降低趋势,大气蒸发相差无几,其他气候因子变化不大。综合比较大气蒸发和大气降水的比值,研究区有干旱减小的趋势。2.研究区不同立地下的土壤分析结果表明,土壤主要为褐土,土壤质地属于轻壤土和壤土类型,土壤母质主要为花岗岩和片麻岩。土壤化学状况分析结果表明,土壤非常贫瘠,酸碱性中等,不同立地下土壤中大量元素和微量元素均出现比较复杂的变化规律,退耕地和未开垦地的土壤状况也有显著差异。3.研究区大气蒸发和地表温度等气候因子的相关分析结果表明,与大气蒸发最密切的气候因子是大气压强和地表温度。通过在研究区实地测定地表温度,对研究区实际大气蒸发进行了校正,并结合不同立地下的土壤自然蒸发结果和1600气孔仪测定的树种蒸腾结果,对不同树种的耗水状况进行了研究。4.研究区刺槐保水剂试验结果表明,合理使用一定量(0.1%土量比)的保水剂可以显著增加土壤水分的含量,并促进刺槐生长和土壤结构改良。连续3年的结果表明,刺槐根系能有效利用保水剂中的储藏水分。5.不同肥料在不同树种上的试验结果表明,施用纯化肥可以显著提高核桃的生长量;在纯化肥的基础上添加微生物肥料和菌肥可以显著促进核桃、花椒、侧柏、黄栌和四倍体刺槐的生长量,并缓解化肥的副作用。树种光合和冠层分析结果表明,合理使用肥料可以提高光合作用和叶面积指数,且微生物肥料有利于冠层的均态分布。6.2年生幼苗和6年生核桃结果树水肥耦合效应研究结果表明,合理的水肥调控可以在提高生长量的基础上促进土壤水分的利用和根系对肥料的利用。该试验结果为下一步进行水肥正交试验奠定了基础。土壤水分和土壤全氮、碱解氮季节动态变化结果表明,合理施用氮肥可以更为有效地利用当地有限的降水资源。6年生结果树由于人为干扰严重,结果比较复杂,但是依然表现出氮肥能够调水的趋势。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Water-Fertility and their improving technology (WFI) was studied in Pingshan County Hebei province in the dissertation. The analysis of climate and soil conditions was first carried out to provide the basis for the proceeding of WFI. Then, combined with the climate analysis in trial areas, Water-Fertility of different tree species was studied. In order to efficiently utilize the local precipitation resource, the effect of water-retaining agents and late-model fertilizers on water utilization was discussed and water-fertilizer coupling was primary researched. The main results showed as follow:1. The climate data of trial areas in 1998-2002 was analyzed and was compared with that of trial and perimeter areas in 30yeas (1961-1991). The result showed that atmosphere temperature increased 1°C in last 30 years, the precipitation declined and the evaporation and other climate indices were nearly the same. The comparison of precipitation and the evaporation climate data showed that the arid of study area displays the drop tendency.2. The soil analysis in trial areas with different soil, climate and vegetation conditions implied that the soil in trial areas mainly belongs to drab soil, soil texture belong to light loam and loam soil, soil parent material was mainly granite and gneiss. The chemical character analysis showed that the soil in trial areas is poor, the pH is neutral, macro- and micro-elements contents expressed complex rules in different soil, climate and vegetation conditions. The soil conditions between the reused farmland and rude land were different significantly.3. The relative analysis for the evaporation and ground temperature et al climate indices in 1998～2002 showed that the main factors affecting evaporation were atmosphere pressure and ground temperature. The evaporation in trial areas was corrected by the detection of ground temperature. The water equilibrium formula with different soil, climate and vegetation conditions was utilized to study the water carrying capacity of different tree species by the method of which the water carrying capacity of the tree subtracted that of control.4. The results of water-retaining agents experiments on Acacia showed that reasonable applying water 5. retaining agent (the ratio of deal to soil about 0.1%) can increase the soil water content significantly, facilitate the growth of Acacia and promote the soil construction. The observation for 3 years proved that the root of Acacia absorb the retaining water in water retaining agents.6. The result of late-model fertilizer experiments on different tree species showed that pure fertilizer applying may promote the growth of Walnut. On the basis of pure fertilizer, applying microbe and bacteria manure not only increased the growth of Walnut, Wild pepper, Oriental arborvitae, Tetraploid Black locust, Negundo Chastetree but also alleviated the vice effect of the pure fertilizer. The analysis on the photosynthesis and scope crown showed that reasonable fertilizer applying can increase the photosynthesis and LAI. In addition, microbe manure benefit to the balanced distribution of scope crown.7. The water and fertilizer coupling study on 2-year seedling and 6-year fruited Walnut proved that reasonable water fertilizer controlling facilitated water and fertilizer utilization on the basis of the promote of growth. These results benefit for the proceeding of water and fertilizer alternating design. The season variety of soil humidity, total nitrogen and available nitrogen expressed that reasonable nitrogen applying can efficiently make use of limited precipitation in trial areas. The experiment results of 6-year fruited Walnut were complicated because of artificial interference seriously, but still expressed the trend that nitrogen adjusted the water.更多还原