【作者】 雍自权；

【导师】 刘树根； 罗志立；

【作者基本信息】 成都理工大学 ， 矿产普查与勘探， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 本文以济阳坳陷中最大的潜山—孤岛潜山为研究对象，采用地质、地球物理和地球化学等综合的研究方法，对孤岛潜山下古生界碳酸盐岩油气藏形成的基本要素进行了精细刻画，恢复了孤岛潜山油气藏形成的基本过程，探讨了生油、储油、运移、聚集和保存等过程在时间演化上和空间分布上的匹配关系，分柝了这些关系对孤岛潜山油气藏形成和保存的控制作用。在以上研究基础上，建立了孤岛潜山的油气成藏模式，确定了孤岛潜山油气有利勘探地区和目标，取得了以下主要研究成果及认识。(1)济阳坳陷孤岛潜山下古生界主要岩石类型有石灰岩类、白云岩类、泥岩类、岩溶岩类及其他岩类；完成了济阳坳陷孤岛潜山下古生界地层沉积体系的划分(碳酸盐缓坡、碳酸盐台地、台地陆棚以及相关的大陆残积沉积体系)及沉积演化史的研究；确立了济阳坳陷孤岛潜山下古生界地层层序界面的识别标志，以孤古2井为基准将下古生界地层划分为一个超层序、两个一级层序、三个二级层序、五个准二级层序、二十个三级层序。(2)利用地震资料解释了寒武系底(Tg2)、奥陶系顶(Tg1)、石炭系底、白垩系底、第三系底(Tg)、沙河街组顶面、东营组顶7个层位；编制了Tg2、Tg1、Tg构造图；白垩系、沙河街组、东营组、新近系等厚度图及白垩系以后4个关键时期的奥陶系顶面古埋深图及各主要时代地层的平面分布图；完成了典型构造、火山侵入体、侵蚀沟谷的地震解释并绘制成图；孤岛潜山为菱形断块山、边界为多条断层构成的断裂带、潜山主体构造呈短轴穹隆、孤岛潜山为多期构造叠合的继承性隆起构造；孤岛潜山构造样式有平面状断层构造、犁式断层及滚动背斜(或断鼻)、冲断背斜、断阶(叠瓦状)、断垒与断堑、束状断层构造、反转断层构造、沿断裂带的火山侵入体、裂谷作用与“U”形侵蚀谷及其充填沉积；孤岛潜山沉降史可分4个时期：裂陷期(J末K初)、断陷期(Es沉积期)、断坳过渡期(Ed沉积期)、坳陷期(N-Q)并研究了各个时期的沉降特征；孤岛潜山构造演经历了七个时期：挤压(T)、拉张(T)、裂陷及挤压(K)、拉张初期(K末，E初)、强烈拉张(Es沉积期)、断坳过渡(Ed沉积期)、坳陷(N)；孤岛潜山顺轴向和垂直轴向的演化有所不同：孤西断层发育比孤南、孤北发育的早，孤西断层和孤南、孤北断层的性质不同，三条断裂对潜山形成的控制作用不同。(3)孤岛潜山下古生界碳酸盐岩储集空间类型有晶间孔和晶间溶孔、粒间孔和粒间溶孔、铸模孔、溶洞、溶蚀缝和构造缝、方解石晶簇间孔等；孤岛潜山下古生界碳酸盐岩储层具有六种缝洞成因组合体系，包括沉积期缝洞体系、准同生期缝洞体系、成生期缝洞体系、表生期缝洞体系，还有后生期(浅埋藏)缝洞体系和进后生期(深埋藏)缝洞体系；孤岛潜山下古生界碳酸盐岩储层(缝洞段)分布规律是：①沉积期缝洞体系分布主要受控于沉积体系特征或沉积相类型／沉积环境类型，即沉积岩相组合类型，其次受控于三级、四级以及次级层序界面；②准同生期缝洞体系分布主要受三级、四级以及次级层序界面及其相关的准同生白云岩分布的控制；③成岩期缝洞体系分布主要受到原始岩石组构的控制，即间接受到沉积体系／沉积相的控制；④表生期缝洞体系分布严格受一级、二级、准层序界面分布的控制；⑤后生期缝洞体系分布间接受到表生期缝洞体系分布的影响；⑥进后生期(深埋藏)缝洞体系分布主要受到深埋溶解作用(深部地层封存热卤水、有机质成熟作用相关的富羧基热液)、多期构造背斜(轴部)、断层分布的控制；孤岛潜山储层缝洞系统的形成主要受控于岩性和风化剥蚀面；孤岛潜山碳酸盐岩储层(缝洞段)发育的三个基本条件是有利的沉积体系／沉积岩相带是基础，有利的成岩后生作用带是根本，有利的构造作用带是关键；孤岛潜山碳酸盐岩缝洞的形成和改造主要受寒武纪末和奥陶纪末的抬升运动、燕山期挤压运动、喜马拉雅期的深陷阶段强烈拉张运动控制；中奥陶统八陡组顶界SB2属升隆侵蚀层序界面，易形成岩溶储层；沉积期层序界面有利于成岩期成岩溶蚀改造、成岩后生期的埋藏溶解作用的改造叠加，有利于储层缝洞系统的发育；成岩期层序界面有利于表生期岩溶作用和深埋期溶蚀缝洞系统的发育；表生期层序界面发育界面型油气储层，有利于此后综合成因储层缝洞系统的发育。(4)孤岛地区至少有四期盐水流体充注事件。孤岛地区A组-F组样品的锶同位素，每一组样品即为一次流体充注，孤岛地区至少有六次流体充注，D组、B组和F组样品先后老新时序关系为：D组→F组→B组；第一期到第三期盐水流体的充注可能是晚古生代沉积时期或中生代沉积时期；第四期盐水流体充注可能发生于新生代以前，处于一个构造抬升阶段，裂隙或断裂带开启，大气淡水的下渗充注；第五期流体的充注与第四期盐水流体的充注相似，有更多的大气淡水的混入和参与；第六期流体充注可能发生于明化镇期，部分流体应来自含烃的沙河街组地层水及大气淡水的混合。(5)古岩溶界面附近古岩溶储层的形成主要受两个方面作用的控制：a表生期大气淡水-岩石间的相互作用；b埋藏期具有酸性的混合流体-岩石的相互作用。潜山内幕储层的形成则主要是受深埋作用过程中的深溶作用控制。孤岛潜山下古生界碳酸盐岩基质渗透率值变化范围大，孔隙度大于2％时孔隙度与渗透才有正相关关系，其低孔低渗的特征与其埋深关系不大；孤岛潜山下古生界储层(缝洞段)与碳酸盐岩的成岩作用和岩溶作用关系密切，与岩溶序列具有相当的一致性；孤岛潜山下古生界碳酸盐岩储层(缝洞段)普遍发育高角度缝，碳酸盐岩储层(缝洞段)发育的组段是八陡组、上马家沟组、下马家沟组，冶里-亮甲山组、凤山组次之，不整合面是控制储层(缝洞段)特别是孔洞发育一个因素；孤岛潜山下古生界碳酸盐岩风化壳型储层中Ⅰ级储层(缝洞段)较发育，发育于八陡组至上马家沟组，主要受下古生界顶面(风化壳面)形态控制，断裂发育带的储集特性明显优于断裂不发育的潜山主体及单斜区；孤岛潜山碳酸盐岩内幕储层(缝洞段)中极少发育Ⅰ级储层(缝洞段)，主要发育Ⅱ级储层(缝洞段)。孤岛潜山碳酸盐岩内幕储层(缝洞段)成层分布，主要受沉积相带(层序或岩溶相带)控制，断裂的存在对内幕储层储集性能有改善作用，凤山组和冶里-亮甲山组内幕储层较为发育。(6)孤岛潜山内幕基质盖层在裂缝不发育的情况下质量好。孤岛潜山孤西、孤南和孤北断层的长期活动性，断层的封堵性差，断层侧向上封堵，纵向上不具封堵性，油气顺断层向上部层位运移，最终运移到新近系储集层中聚集成藏；采用地化指标研究了孤岛潜山油气藏的保存条件，孤岛潜山碳酸盐岩存在两次油气充注，早期油藏流体充注进入储集岩后，由于保存条件差，大部分油藏都受到了破坏，晚期油藏流体充注保存相对较好，但充注量有限，对潜山油气藏的形成意义不大；孤西断裂带内，断层侧向封堵配以局部盖层东营组的封盖形成局部油气藏。(7)地球化学指标表明孤岛潜山油气具有不同阶段、不同层位、不同凹陷油气相混的特点；第一类和第二类混源油均来自沙三段和沙一段，两类混源油藏的生物标志化合物参数差异明显，同一类混源油藏中生物标志化合物参数具有较强的可比性，空间分布具有相似性；孤岛潜山至少存在两个含油气系统：渤南洼陷含油气系统、孤南洼陷含油气系统。(8)孤岛潜山的油气成藏模式是南北逢源、复式输导、高凸指向、混源充注、断层控制、缝洞发育、逸顶“天窗”、局部成藏；孤岛潜山主体高部位及北东翼单斜区勘探因缺少有效的封盖层和内幕圈闭不落实而失败，孤西断裂带内勘探(孤古4井区块)因局部盖层东营组发育规模较小的圈闭虽成功但成效不大，孤南断裂带勘探因缺少圈闭条件而失败。更多还原

【Abstract】 This dissertation pays a main research on Gudao buried hill, one of the biggest buried hill in Jiyang depression. This paper integrates geology, geophysics and geochemistry, depicts the factors of petroleum accumulation, reconstructs the process of petroleum accumulation, figures out the relationships between the chron and the distribution of process of petroleum accumulation such as hydrocarbon generation, migration, accumulation, conservation and so on, and studies their control actions on the process of petroleum accumulation of the Gudao buried hill pool. On the basis of the whole studies, this paper gives the comprehensive geological evaluation and the analysis of petroliferious geological conditions of the Gudao buried hill, and has predicted the favorable places for prospecting, and acquires main scientific issues and achievements as follows:(1) The Lower Paleozoic of Gudao buried hill in Jiyang depression has many rock types such as limestone, dolostone, mudstone, karst limestone and so on; Sedimentary system can be divided into carbonate ramp,carbonate platform, platform-shelf and eluvial deposits; This paper has studied the evolution of the Lower Paleozoic sedimentary and set the identification mark of the Lower of Paleozoic sequence boundary of Gudao buried hill in Jiyang depression; On the basis of well gugu 2, The Lower Paleozoic is divided into one Super-sequences, two first-order sequence, three second-order sequences, five para-second-order sequences, and twenty third-order sequences.(2) This paper accomplished the detail seismic interpretation of the bottom of Cambrian(Tg2), the top of Ordovician(Tgl), the bottom of Carboniferous, the bottom of Cretaceous, the bottom of Tertiary(Tg), the top of Shahejie Formation and the top of Dongying Formation and the isopach map of Cretaceous, Shahejie Formation Dongying Formation and Neogene and the burial depth map of the top of Ordovician and the paleo-geological map in the four key geologic epoch after Cretaceous, and the interpretation and the map of typical structure, volcanic intrusive bodies, eroded channel-vale; Gudao buried hill is a block-gebirg, fault zones being its borderlines, main block of the buried hill being a dome fold, and is a succeed arched structure with multi-period structure. Tectonic styles of Gudao buried hill are plane fault, listric fault, rollover anticline, thrust faulted anticline, imbricated fault, fault horst, graben, sheaf structure, reversal fault, volcanic intrusive bodies along faults; The evolution of Gudao buried hill can be divided four stages: rifting stage(between the last phase of J and the early phase of K ), downfaulting stage(Es), downfaulting- downwarping stage(Ed) and downwarping stage(N-Q), and the depositional characteristics of stages have being studied; Gudao buried hill has undergone seven stages: compress stage(T) , extensional stage(T), faulted depression and compress stage(K), early stage of tension(end of K) ,stage of extreme tension(Es), transitional stage of fault sag(Ed) , stage of stage(N); Guxi fault is earlier than Gubei fault and Gunan fault; The characteristics of Guxi fault, Gunan fault and Gubei fault and their controlling to Gudao burial hill are different to each other.(3)The reservoir space types of lower Paleozoic of Gudao buried hill are divided into intercrystal pore , intercrystal dissolved pore , intergranular pore, intergranular dissolved pore, moldic pores, vug, dissolved fracture and structural fracture; There are six carbonatite genesis fracture-cavity types: sedimentary period fracture-cavity system, penecontemporaneous fracture-cavity system, diagenetic fracture-cavity system, hypergene fracture-cavity system, catagenesis fracture-cavity system, anadiagenetic fracture-cavity system; Sedimentary period fracture-cavity system is controlled by the depositional system and compiled types of sedimentary facies; Penecontemporaneous fracture-cavity system is controlled by the third-order and fouth sequences surfaces; Diagenetic fracture-cavity system is indirectly controlled by depositional system; hypergene fracture-cavity system is controlled by the first-order, second-order and para-second-order sequences surfaces; Catagenesis fracture-cavity system is indirectly controlled by hypergene fracture-cavity system; Anadiagenetic fracture-cavity system is controlled by anadiagenetic solution and multi-stage anticline and faults; System of vug-fracture is controlled by lithology ,weather-worn surface and sequence boundary; Forming and reforming of the carbonatite vug-fracture are controlled by the uplift movement of latest Cambrian, latest-Ordovician, the compressional movement of Yanshan chron, the estensional movement of Himalayan chron; The top of Badou formation as eroded sequence surface(SB2) is easy to form karst reservoirs; Depositional sequence surface is an advantage to the solution during catagenesis and anadiagenetic stage and easy to form the fracture-cavity system; Diagenetic sequence surface is an advantage to hypergene function and anadiagenetic solution fracture-cavity system.(4)There are at least four brine charging events in Gudao; There are at least six fluid charging events according to the A-group～F-group Sr isotope samples; The serials from old to young is D-group→F-group→B-group; The first fluid charging to the third fluid charging occurred in late Paleozoic or Mesozoic; The fourth fluid charging occurred before Cenozoic during the uplift movement with the fracture and faults opening and fresh water seeping; The fifth fluid charging is similar to the fourth fluid charging but with more fresh water taking part in; The sixth fluid charging occurred in Minghuazheng stage, and the mixture fluid is from Shahejie formation water and fresh water.(5) Karst reservoirs nearby the ancient karst surfaces are controlled by the freshwater-rock interaction during hypergene stage and acid-water-rock interaction during burial stage; Layered reservoirs are controlled by anadiagenetic solution; The reservoir matrix permeability varies a large range, and is nothing with the burial depth, and is positive correlation to porosity up 2%; The Lower Paleozoic reservoirs(fracture-cavity intervals) are related to diagenesis and karstification and close correspondence to karst serials; Formations of the Lower Paleozoic bear high angle fracture in Gudao burial hill; Carbonatite reservoirs(fracture-cavity intervals) mainly occur in Badou formation, Shangmajiagou formation, Yeli-liangjiashan formation; Uconformity surface is one key element to control the Carbonatite reservoirs(fracture-cavity intervals); I grade reservoirs(fracture-cavity intervals) mainly bear in carbonatite reservoirs concerned with weathering crust, from Badou formation to Shangmajiagou formation controlled by the weathering surfaces; Physical property of reservoirs in fault-zones is better than that in monocline zone; I grade reservoirs(fracture-cavity intervals) rarely bear in layer-reservoirs in Gudao burial hill, and II grade reservoirs(fracture-cavity intervals) mainly bear in in layer-reservoirs in Gudao burial hill; Layer-reservoirs (fracture-cavity intervals)in Gudao burial hill is controlled by the depositional zones(sequence or karst zones), and faults improve the Physical property of layer-reservoirs, and layer-reservoirs (fracture-cavity intervals) bear in Fengshan formation and Yeli-liangjiashan formation.(6)The quality of layered cap-rock of Gudao buried hill without fracture is good. By means of studies of fault sealing of fault zone around Gudao buried hill, west, south north faults action last a long time, are lateral sealing and no vertical sealing; According to geochemistry indexes, there are two hydrocarbon charging events in Gudao burial hill carbonatite; Due to the bad oil preservation condition, the first stage oil pool was broken down; Because of the amount of the second hydrocarbon charging being small, there is no contribution to the pool; There are local pools due to the fault lateral sealing with the local caprock in Dongying formation;(7)The researches on geochemistry show that hydrocarbon comes from distinct stages, formations and sag, there are two stages hydrocarbon charging, and are two petroleum systems, namely, Bonan sag petroleum system and Gunan sag petroleum system.(8)Characteristics of petroleum accumulation of Gudao buried hill are two hydrocarbon sources from south and north, complex hydrocarbon transporting pathway, migration to the eminence of buried hill, mixed sources charge, being controlled by the faults, fracture-cavity reservoir, leakage by "top window", local petroleum accumulation. The wildcats aiming at main block of Gudao buried hill and east-north monocline are not success because of the absence of caprock and layer trap.更多还原