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基于EO匹配的科技人力资源迁移能力研究

【作者】 陈乐

【导师】 王沛民;

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 , 管理科学与工程, 2007, 博士

【摘要】 科技人力资源(HRST)是科学技术(S&T)和人力资源(HR)的结合,在国际上被公认为是提升国家核心竞争力与保持经济可持续发展的关键因素,高等教育是国家HRST存量增加与结构改善的源头。大学毕业生“就业难”与企业人才“招聘难”的并存现象成为社会的关注热点,也对高等教育发展如何适应社会经济发展的需要提出了更新的要求。科学协调“规模、结构、质量、效益”关系,需要大量的理论研究与探索,更需要定量的实证研究和分析。本文在深入研究HRST概念及其流动模型的基础上,分析了HRST教育供给与职业需求之间的EO互动关系,首次提出HRST个体迁移能力和宏观迁移能力;在创造性建立宏观EO匹配模型的基础上,用EO匹配度指数进行了富有成效的实证研究;并从高等教育相关利益者的角度提出了改善HRST迁移环境,提升迁移能力的方法与路径。针对“就业难”所表现出来的大众化教育发展的规模与速度问题,研究发现由于我国的高层次人才总量和教育供给按“党政干部、科技人才、企业经营管理者和大中专毕业生”由组织部、人事部、劳动和社会保障部、以及科技部和教育部分别统计,缺乏与国际接轨的统计测度标准规范体系,对国家社会发展和产业结构调整所需的人力资源缺口与高等教育发展缺乏定量研究和国际比较,我国高等教育界对人才培养的职业需求特征也缺乏深入理论研究与必要的定量实证分析。为此本文借鉴OECD有关HRST的概念、存量模型与流动模型,在分析比较我国与美国、欧盟、印度在HRST测度及方法上的异同,首次提出采用HRST及其统计测度框架体系,在国家(地区)的宏观层面上定量研究高等教育供应与社会需要之间的适应性关系具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。以教育维资格(HRSTE)和职业维岗位(HRSTO)界定的HRST,其存量、增量和结构特征,是定量研究高等教育与社会经济发展关系的重要途径和手段。论文创新性地构建了以“过程”和“能力”为落脚点的研究框架,从HRST个体的就业力与特定岗位胜任力相契合的角度,提出了HRST个体的可雇佣能力;从HRST教育供应和职业需求相互作用的关系,提出了HRST宏观的源供应能力和汇吸纳能力概念,并论证了HRST从教育维到职业维,从初级职业岗位到目标职业岗位的流动迁移过程,不论个体,还是群体都具有提高生活层次和社会地位的向上特征和动力机制。针对“招聘难”所表现出来的大众化教育发展的质量与效益问题,研究发现传承于计划体制和精英教育模式的大众化教育,在人才培养的层次和结构上还没有做出适应市场经济和经济产业结构发展所需要的调整,在人才培养模式和课程体系设置上尚未做出以需求为导向,培养创新精神和实践能力的重大改革。为此本文在提出和比较了四种教育职业EO互动关系模式的基础上,给出了EO宏观匹配模型,该模型以年度为时间周期研究HRST教育在源供应与汇吸纳过程中有关其总量、增量、层次和结构的供求关系,从匹配的偏差度可以发现需要调整的层次与专业结构,通过增量带动存量,可以改善HRST教育对社会经济发展的适应性。为进一步研究高等教育专业设置结构与职业需求结构之间的适应性关系,论文创造性地提出了一种研究EO专业匹配度的设计评价模型。通过两个匹配度指数可以构成学科专业的(Ei,Oj)坐标分布,按不同的定位区间,可对不同的学科专业进行分析。职业特征强度指数坐标Oj表示职业的专业化特征,教育专业领域指数坐标Ei表示该专业毕业生就业时的实际职业领域宽度。对浙江省2005年至2007年59个本科专业,20余万毕业生的就业抽样数据进行了实证研究。根据不同专业的Ei和Oj的分布特征可将其划分为Ei窄-Oj强区、Ei宽-Oj强区、Ei宽-Oj弱区及Ei窄-Oj弱区四个区域,发现不同学科专业在EO坐标系中的定位分布,既描述了不同学科专业与职业需要之间的特定关系,也显示了不同学科专业的特征和相关性,在Ei宽-Oj强区的理学专业明显地反映了其Oj强,但就业范围宽的特征;浙江省59个抽样分析的学科专业中,EO相关系数在0.8以上的达83%,但相当部分的学科专业,尤其是电气信息类专业之间的相关系数达到90%以上,专业设置及课程体系的雷同情况明显;另外实证研究中,相同专业的职业相关性系数变化趋势还反映了专业教育和职业需求之间的动态变化关系。实证研究结果表明,该方法在研究和解决教育职业EO专业匹配度分析方面是行之有效的。在上述理论研究和实证分析的基础上,论文用HRST的个体迁移能力和宏观迁移能力框架将高等教育的相关利益者:个人、家庭、大学、雇主、政府和中介机构等统一纳入了协调和改善HRST教育“规模、结构、质量、效益”的运行系统,给出了提高HRST迁移能力和改善迁移环境的途径与方法。根据EO匹配特征对专业设置及课程体系改革的启示,提出了学科专业设置及课程体系创新的通用性与专业化整合方案和质量保障措施;在市场经济条件下,提出了以EO信息服务平台建设为核心,发展教育中介服务机构,在应用系统控制理论构建的串级EO快速响应系统中,使政府的宏观管理和大学的自主办学各司其责,发挥应有的作用。

【Abstract】 Human resource of science and technology (HRST) is the combination of science and technology(S&T) and human resource, which is considered to be the key factor of promoting national core competitive power and keeping sustainable development of economy in the world. As the main supply source, the higher education system plays a key role in the national HRST storage and structure. The coexisting difficulty in both graduates obtaining jobs and enterprises employing talents is got hold of more attention from the society. In order to correspond with the "quality, structure, quatity and benefit" of the mass education, the research work are focused on the matching of supply and demand of high education. From the education dimension to the occupation dimension, the transfer ability and efficiency of HRST is required to step up. Based on the HRST transfering process and its capability framework, the interaction and matching model between higher professional education and specialized occupation demands are reseached by theoretical analysis and empirical study in this article. And one kind of effective integrated operating system is put forward in order to promote HRST transfer ability.The difficulty in graduates obtaining jobs shows the problem of quality and structure of mass education. The statistic measurement and development of HRST are important to make and evaluate the national science and education policy. Shorting of criterions and supervision, no occupation demand characteristics are quantify analyzed.in China. There is a long time lag and inferior matching level in the process of HRST transfer from education to occupation. By synthetically comparing the HRST measurement and research situation at abroad with home, the research idea and main objects, as well as the technical route and method of this article.are put forward. The process and ability form education to occupation become the base of the research work. We put forward three kinds ability of HRST to describe the individual and macroscopical transfer process. And we find that the direction is upwards from low class to the high and the motivity is from requirement.The difficulty in enterprises employing talents shows the problem of quatity and benefit of mass education. Based on the researching the transfer process and the ability charactirestics of HRST. The individual and macro process moldes and their ability frameworks are given. The employability is combined with the ability to find job the competency to finsh task. The supplying resours capacity and the absorbing collection capacity are creatively presented. By the quantity, level and professional structure, the EO matching matrixs are established. And the EO speciality matching analyzing and valueing mold is constructed The EO match analyzing and valueing molds are empirical studied by more than 200,000 graduates employment data of Zhejiang Province in 2005-2007. With the indexes of Ei and Oj, about 59 speciality programs are displayed in EO dimensions.coordinate. The sepcial relationship of education programs and occupation demand are found, and also the relativity of education programs. The orientation feature is relativity simlar by comparing from 2005 to 2007. Some dynamic change trends could be used to regulate the speciality programs and curriculums.In order to advance the EO interaction ability of colleges some projects are put forward. The adjustion of programes and the innovation of curriculum system are made by the indexes distribution of EO matching molds. For the uncertainty of occupational demand, the adaptability of educational works by combinatiing of .the commonalty and specialization. Focused on the customers college education service adapte to the social development with the improving quality Using one complex feedback control system principle, EO integration operating management system is constructed based on the combining of the related beneficial government, market, agency and information systeme etc so that HRST transfer ability could be continuously increased and improved.

  • 【网络出版投稿人】 浙江大学
  • 【网络出版年期】2008年 05期
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