【作者】 刘爱军；

【导师】 周曙东；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 农产品物流是以农业产出物为对象，通过农产品产后加工、包装、储存、运输和配送等物流环节，做到农产品的保值、增值。发展农产品物流，是降低物资消耗、提高劳动生产率以外的第三利润泉。农产品物流的研究正在兴起，受到了来自各方面的关注。由于农产品物流研究具有复杂性的特点，目前农产品物流的理论和实践研究都比较贫乏，有待于进一步系统化。本文将通过对农产品物流理论和国内外农产品物流的发展，研究我国农产品物流发展现状，分析我国农产品物流发展的未来空间，在此基础上从企业角度对我国农产品物流进行研究，对我国农产品物流有关企业：农业龙头企业、连锁超市、农产品第三方物流的物流管理进行实证研究，研究存在的问题，提出我国农产品物流发展对策和政策建议。本文共分为9章。第一章和第二章为引论和理论基础。主要介绍了选题的背景和意义，对国内外有关研究进行了总结，提出了研究的目标、内容和技术路线。同时对有关研究理论：物流与供应链管理理论、流通理论进行了归纳，并对农产品物流进行了理论界定，研究农产品物流的内涵，归纳了农产品物流的外延、特点、农产品物流模式和农业供应链管理。第三章主要研究了国外农产品物流的发展。以美国、日本、荷兰为例，总结了国外农产品物流发展的先进经验及对我国的启示。从发达国家和我国国情来看，我国可能既要发展批发市场，同时也要适应市场的需求发展连锁超市，二者均要借鉴；要促进农产品物流发展，我国应发挥政府的宏观调控作用，引进先进的农业物流技术和管理方法，培育和完善农产品物流运作主体，建立高水平的农产品物流中心，建立农产品物流供应链，加强农产品物流人才的教育和培训。第四章研究了我国农产品物流现状。伴随着农产品流通体制的变化，建国以来我国的农产品物流主体由单一化向多样化转变，农产品物流基础和物流技术均有发展。当前农产品物流发展体现为以下几个特点：农产品物流规模扩大、农产品进出口贸易从顺差转向逆差、农村商品销售渠道网络将持续受到重视、国家加大对农村地区基础设施建设和农产品物流相应支持。从粮食物流来看，近年来在粮库建设、物流通道建设方面取得成就，但四散流通率低、粮库结构还有待改善。我国果蔬物流还处在初级阶段，运作基础设施和信息基础设施在发展速度上还不能满足现代果蔬物流发展的要求。从禽畜产品物流来看，禽畜产品加工产品比例小，活畜所占比例大，管理水平低。水产品物流存在问题主要是组织化、专业化程度低。从整体来看，当前我国农产品物流存在的主要问题是：农产品物流成本高、物流技术水平低、合作经济组织薄弱、物流人才缺乏等。最后本文用SUR模型以小麦为例，以2003-2005三年各地区农村汽车数量和小麦价格对农产品物流成本与价格关系进行了研究，分析结果证明汽车数量对于农产品价格的具有显著影响，说明物流基础设施和技术的提高可以降低农产品流通成本，在农产品生产成本不变的情况下降低农产品最终消费价格。第五章主要分析农产品物流未来发展空间。本章从我国农产品生产进入新阶段、农产品市场全球化、信息化分析了其对我国农产品物流的影响。我国当前农业和农村经济发展增加了对农产品质量的要求，而收入增加又提高了购买力，从而会对促进农产品物流的发展。入世在提供了更广阔的农产品市场同时对农产品质量提出了更高的要求。信息技术是物流发展的动力。农产品物流信息技术将会给农产品物流带来巨大的变革，这将为农产品物流发展增添动力。通过上述分析，本文认为我国农产品物流已具有广阔的市场，同时也要努力提高服务标准，利用信息化来提高竞争力。第六章研究了农业龙头企业物流。农业龙头企业是农业产业化的组织者。除了由分散的农户经营的农产品物流外，由于我国第三方物流不发达，农业龙头企业是农产品物流从农户到加工、批发环节包括部分零售环节物流的承担者。本章对江苏省国家级和省级农业龙头企业(农产品加工型+批发市场型)228家企业进行了问卷调查，最后获得49份有效问卷。从获得的农业龙头企业资料来看，无论是作为批发市场、农品加工企业，农业龙头企业的物流尚有待于改进，特别是现代物流意识应加强，应充分认识到第三利润泉的作用，加强物流部门工作，加强对供应链的认识，提高企业信息化水平和客户服务水平。第七章主要研究连锁超市与农产品物流。连锁超市作为新的产品流通方式，90年代以来快速发展，大有替代批发市场和农贸市场之意。连锁超市作为新兴的农产品流通方式，它有能力经营安全、优质的农产品，符合了我国社会经济的发展。连锁超市农产品物流主要体现在物流配送上。我国连锁超市的物流配送主要有自营配送、第三方物流配送和共同配送模式。目前还是以自营为主的传统模式，效率低，配送中心设施差。因此必须要改变观念，加强物流配送中心建设，开门办学第三方物流配送的发展，同时发展共同配送。为了进一步说明问题，本章以苏果超市为案例进行了研究，苏果超市将农产品作为主要经营产品，同时又将大量门店开到农村去，它取得的良好业绩充分说明了连锁超市在农产品流通方面有充足的发展空间。当然连锁超市也需要具备一定的条件，那就是要做好农产品物流，建立物流配送中心，加强食品安全建设，应用现代物流技术、信息技术来降低成本、提高效率。第八章对农产品第三方物流发展进行了研究。作为专业化物流，农产品第三方物流可以大大降低农产品流通成本，提高流通效率。对我国农产品第三方物流的研究正在兴起，尤其对生鲜农产品的物流正在开展。现在已有不少专家提出了农产品物流的发展模式、规划，但仍处于理论研究阶段。为了进一步了解农产品第三方物流现状，本章选择南京市极有可能发展第三方物流的31家企业做了调查。从调查来，南京农产品第三方物流相对不足，主要体现在涉农企业物流意识淡薄、物流发展环境较差使得需求不足；从供给来看，物流企业技术落后、人才不足，再加上政府支持技术开发力度不够，从而也导致了有效供给不足。第九章主要提出农产品物流发展对策和政策建议。本文提出我国要加强农产品物流创新，促进农产业产业化龙头企业和连锁超市农产品物流发展，加快第三方物流发展，同时要培育市场中介组织。最后提出了制定相关法律法规定、积极培育农产品物流主体、完善农产品物流基础设施等政策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Agriculture logistics is a procedure of agriculture products processing, packaging, storage, transportation and distribution to keep and add the value of agriculture product. It has become a third profit source except reducing the cost of material and improving productivity. The research of agriculture logistics is till poor in theory and practice because of its complexity and need to pay more attention.The paper is trying to make a research from theory and development of agriculture logistics. It will analyze the situation of China and discuss the possible room for further development. Then the paper makes a detail research on the enterprises involved in logistics: the agricultural key Enterprises (processing company and wholesalers), supermarket and agricultural 3PL.Finally the paper puts forward some suggestions for future development in China.The paper is divided in 9 chapters.Chapter 1 and the Chapter 2 are an introduction and theory review. It introduces the background and the reasons for select the topic. It makes a literature review of related research and puts forward the research objevtive, contents and methods of research. Then it gives a theory review of agriculture logistics. It reviewed the logistics and supply chain theory, marketing theory, agricultural logistics and agriculture supply chain management.Chapter 3 made a research on the development of agriculture logistics of developed countries. Based on the study of US, Japan and Netherlands, the paper suggests that it is better for China to develop wholesaler and supermarket together. It also suggests that the government should play an important role for agriculture logistics development and it is also necessary to import logistics techniques and management system, to build logistics center, develop agricultural supply Chain and train more skilled people.Chapter 4 analyses the development of agriculture logistics in China. As the changing of agricultural circulation system, more parties have involved in agriculture logistics instead of state-owned enterprises and the logistics foundation and logistics techniques have been developed very fast. The increasing logistics scale, trade changing from export surplus to trade deficit, developing rural marketing channel and foundation are the characteristics of agriculture logistics. The food logistics has been developed in warehouses and logistics channel while the structure of warehouse still needs to improve. The vegetable and fruits’ logistics is still in a lower level and its foundation and information system cannot meet the requirement. The poultry and livestock is lack of processing and management. The marine lives industry is lack of organization and specialization. In general, the problems of agricultural logistics are as follows: higher logistics cost, poor techniques, lack of cooperatives and trained personals. Finally, this chapter makes a research about relations of agricultural logistics and agriculture products’ price based on the data of trucks in rural area, the price of wheat of farmers and the price of the market from 2003-2005. It proved that the improvement of logistics foundation and techniques could lower the price of agricultural product by reducing the circulating cost.Chapter 5 analyzes the room for further development of agriculture logistics. The development of agriculture and rural economy has improved the level of consumer and purchasing power and provided more market for logistics. WTO has brought china into the world market while puts forward more challenging for agriculture logistics industry. It is the power for development of agriculture logistics and will bring more reform of agriculture logistics. Based on the research this chapter proved that the agriculture logistics has more opportunities and it also needs to improve customer services and improve its competitiveness.Chapter 6 makes a research of the agricultural key enterprises (which includes processing factory and wholesalers). The agricultural keys Enterprises are the organizers of agriculture industrialization. They are logistics service providers except small fanners and 3PL, which is undeveloped. The key agricultural Enterprises are the logistics service provider and manager from farmers to process and wholesale. It also includes some retail logistics. The paper made a questionnaire and interviewed 228 enterprises (which is named national and provincal agricultural key enterprises by government) and finally got 49 effective questionnaires. Based on the analysis of the data, the paper found that whether it is wholesalers or processing company, their logistics management need to be improved, especially their consciousness of modern logistics. They should pay attention to the potential profit of logistics and strengthening the work of logistics department, recognize the importance of supply chain and improve information management and customer service.Chapter 7 makes a research of supermarket and agriculture logistics. As a new party in agriculture products market, supermarket develops has developed very fast and has become the most important retail for agriculture products because it can provide safe and high quality products to consumers. Logistics distribution is the most important part for supermarket, which includes self-distribution, 3PL distribution and cooperative distribution. Now the self-support distribution is prevalence in China, which is low productivity, poor facilities. So it is important to change the situation. In order to learn more about it, the paper made a case study of Suguo Supermarket. Suoguo gets good profit while Agriculture products are the main products and many shops are in rural area. Its success proves that supper market can play an important role in agriculture logistics. Of course, it needs good distribution center, good food quality management and high techniques to reduce cost.Chapter 8 analyzes the development of 3PL for agricultural logistics management. As professional logistics, 3PL could reduce circulation cost and improve the efficiency of logistics. Now it has become a hot issue for many experts, especially about fresh agriculture products. In order to know more about it, a questionnaire and interviews about 31 enterprises have been made. From the survey, it seems that the 3PL for agricultural logistics is very weak. The weak consciousness about logistics of society, poor environment, poor HR, Lack of techniques and support from government leads to a poor condition of customer service of 3PL.Chapter 9 puts forward some suggestions for future development. It suggests that it is important to improve agricultural logistics innovation, promote development of the agricultural key enterprises and supermarket logistics, develop 3PL and logistics market agency. Finally it puts forward that the government should make and publish related laws, promote development of agriculture logistics parties.更多还原