【作者】 孔凡凯；

【导师】 张家泰；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工程大学 ， 机械设计及理论， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 现代制造业为了满足消费者的需要，面临着用有限的生产成本快速地为客户提供多品种、高质量、定制产品的压力，合理地实施面向大规模定制的模块化设计技术是解决问题的关键。本文对大型定制产品设计过程中的模块创建、面向大规模定制的产品族结构优化、面向装配制造的结构模块划分方法、模块装配结构的评价等问题进行深入地研究。具体内容如下：1．阐述了论文的研究背景和意义，综述模块化设计的基本概念、发展历史和研究现状；指出模块化设计中存在的主要问题和模块化设计发展的主要趋势；以及论文的主要研究内容。2．在分析、归纳各种类型产品模块化研究和实施的经验、成果基础上，针对大型定制产品的特点，对其模块化开发与实施的基本原理、方法和过程分别进行了详细讨论，开发了一个在大型装配制造环境下应用大规模定制的方法。提出了一种通过应用标准的、可互换的通用广义模块模型代替传统经验设计方法的理论框架。3．介绍了大型定制产品模块化开发与设计的关键环节一通用广义模块的相关定义及开发方法。在构造通用广义模块时，应用相似系数来评价中间产品间的相似性，其技术包括基于设计和生产特征的在每一中间产品阶段计算和评价每一装配模块的方法，提出了工艺流程、产品结构、工作内容和设计属性四类特征。4．对船舶这一典型大型定制产品进一步阐述模块化实施的一些关键问题。通过这些论述将说明在实施模块化过程中，如何根据企业和产品情况，将产品的具体结构特点、设计特点与标准化、模块化思想相结合，实现模块化产品的快速设计、分析与制造。并针对船体模块划分的复杂性，提出一种面向装配制造的分级模块划分方法。该方法首先根据分段模块零件间的连接类型，建立零件之间的模糊关系矩阵，应用模糊聚类算法进行子分段模块划分。然后应用改进的ART-2神经网络算法解决造船中间产品的分类成组问题，与造船成组编码系统相比，减少了大量原始数据的积累和统计工作，具有效率高，通用性强的突出优点。5．在转换设计与生产设计之间需要设计团队间的反馈信息来评价将要进行的设计与通用广义模块间符合程度，为此提出了通用广义模块模糊综合评判方法来提供此反馈信息循环。模糊综合评判方法可使设计团队利用通用广义模块信息从单元与装配特征中分解阶段困难。通过对几种双层底分段建造方案比较，在分析影响选择分段装配方案若干因素的基础上，提出了双层底分段装配方案的多级模糊评判方法。6．对计算机辅助模块化设计原型系统的总体结构、功能模块及各功能模块的实现原理进行了分析，并利用该系统以背景船厂部分产品为例，进行了模块划分和方案评价。从而验证了前述的模块划分方法和模块评价方法的正确性和实用性。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to fulfill the requirements of the customers, modern manufacturing feel the pressure of offering the various styles, high quality and customized products by utilizing the limited production cost. So, how to carry out the modular design for mass customization is key to solve the problem. Several approaches to the module construction, structure optimization of modular product family for mass customization , partition of modular structure for assembly and the assessment of modular assembly are deeply discussed in this dissertation. The specific items are listed as follows:1.Background and significance of the research were described. And then the definition of modular design, the development and current status of the research were summarized. Then the main problems appeared in the modular design and leading trends were pointed out. Finally, the main discussion and researches were presented.2. With the keystone of former experiences and analyses on various types of modular products as well as directing against the characteristics of large made-to-order product, specific discussion was carried out on the basic principles of modular development, implementation, approaches and processes. So the mass customization in the large assembly manufacturing environment is developed, Therefore, a theoretical framework used to replace the traditional design by an applicably standard, interchangeable and common generic module model.3.Definitions and corresponding ways of development for the general generalized module is introduced, which is the keen step of large made-to-order modular development. When constructing the generalized modules, the related factors were involved to assess the similarities of the intermediate products, which was based on the technologies like calculating and assessing every module assembly by virtues of the intermediate productive design and productive characteristics. And then the technology flow, product structures, workloads and design property were proposed.4.Further discussion on some key questions of implementation was presented to illustrate the typical large made-to-order products, Based on this, the realization of the rapid design, analyses and manufacture in the modular implementation were explained, while considering the reality of the enterprises, characteristics of the structure and design, combination of modular definition and standardization. In order to manage the complexities of the modular partition for hull, a block partition was proposed. This approach, based on the assembly process, is firstly to obtain the rational degree of membership through the connection styles of block modules, after which the fuzzy relation matrix is reached, then the fuzzy clustering method is introduced to partition the block modules. Secondly, Using the advanced ART-2 neural network algorithms to deal with the intermediate products’ classification in shipbuilding, which simplified a lot of databases and statistics in comparison to the grouped code system in the shipbuilding, and with high efficiency and prominent advantages.5.Feedbacks of teamwork are needed to assess the degree of the consistence between the newly beginning design and generalized modules during the process of the production design and conversion design. In this case, a generalized fuzzy comprehensive assessment is involved to keep the circulation of feedbacks. This assessment can resolve the difficulties in the units and characteristics of assembly from generalized module information. With comparisons to several cases of block double-bottom construction, and on basis of the analyses of block assembly influence factors, the multistage fuzzy comprehensive assessment for double-bottom assembly case is presented.6.Analyses were carried out on the overall structure of computer aided modular design, functional modules and their realization. Then taking some products of shipyard as examples to assess modular partition and schemes based on the structure mentioned above. All these reach the conclusion of accuracy and application of the modular partition and module assessment discussed before.更多还原