【作者】 许明武；

【导师】 何锡章；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 科技文章句式选择有其自身的特点。因为科技文章主要目的为传达信息,不使用或不常使用包括疑问、否定、倒装等句式。科技文章中是否经常使用这些不同的句型结构、使用的目何在以及它们对整个文章的信息传递和推进有什么样的作用?本文将在大量语料基础上分析研究。研究具体将覆盖以下七种主要句型:分隔句、倒装句、省略句、否定句、被动句、虚拟句、疑问句。分隔修饰是修饰语与其修饰的中心语被其他句子成分分隔的语法现象。在科技英语这种注重信息性,准确性的文体中,这一语法现象主要表现出在信息推进中的功能。对分隔修饰的语料分析显示,分隔修饰按其产生的原因可以分为强制性分隔修饰和非强制性分隔修饰两种,强制性分隔修饰主要有保持信息推进的连贯性等四种功能,而非强制性分隔主要有突出某一部分信息等五种功能。倒装句是通过调节句子中各成分的位置,使各个成分的信息状态合理分布。以往对倒装句的研究多是在文学文体中讨论倒装句的用法分类,以及倒装句的修辞功能和语篇功能。科技英语具有信息量大的特点,在科技英语中,为了使信息突出,常使用倒装句以达到句子平衡。省略现象在科技英语信息推进中的功能亦不容忽视。文中以信息理论为基础,采用实证研究的方法,概括出省略句式的信息功能,即:语篇简洁、语篇的衔接与连贯、凸显焦点和对比焦点的可能性以及这四种功能的分布特点,并讨论了这种特点出现的原因。被动句作为科技英语中一种普遍的语法现象,它的存在必定在科技英语信息传递中起十分重要的作用。在归纳前人研究结果,从维持信息的连贯性和客观性、话题确立、信息强调、信息对比和信息的戏剧性等方面着手,本文在语料统计分析的基础上,找出这些功能体现的情况并作具体分析。虚拟语气不仅广泛存在于各种文学作品之中,科技英语文章中也能找到虚拟语气的踪影。文中尽力揭示虚拟语气在科技英语文章中所起的信息功能,即科技英语是如何运用虚拟语气来传递各种信息的,从而为广大科技工作者提供一个新的知识背景,能够对各种国际科技读物理解得更透彻,更游刃有余。研究方法为理论和实证相结合,通过语料分析研究得出相应的结论。研究所收集的语料全部来源于《科学美国人》(Scientific American)杂志。从该杂志2005年的1月到10月共10期中按随机抽样的方法选取各种句式的完整句子各500例左右。将这些英语句子组建成一个小型的语料库,然后再对他们进行信息分类研究,得出数据结果。再通过对结果的科学讨论分析而得到结论。研究结果表明,上述句式在科技英语中比较常见。其对篇章信息传递的贡献为:信息导入、信息确立、信息转换、信息推进、信息焦点凸显、信息衔接、信息平衡、信息预示、信息限定、信息概括、信息终结等。不同的句式具有不同的功能作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 English for science and technology has been of great significance owing to its special variety of sentence patterns. Such patterns as questioning, negating, inverting and etc., however, are not considered to be of frequent application because the main purpose of such style of writing is to impart information in technical fields. Whether such patterns are often observed or not, what is the purpose of using them and what is the function in the transmission of information of the whole passage will be studied on the basis of a self-established corpus of technical writings. The patterns covered are discontinuous modification, inversion, omission, negation, passive voice, subjunctive mood and questioning.Discontinuous modification is a grammatical phenomenon in which a modifier is separated with the word it modifies by other elements of the sentence. In scientific writings, which emphasize on the information and accuracy of the language, the functions of this grammatical phenomenon are observed mainly through information development. This research analyzed the functions by language data from scientific writings. The result showed that discontinuous modification can be divided into two kinds according to the cause of this phenomenon: obligatory discontinuous modification and optional one. The former has 4 functions and the latter has 5 functions.Inversion is tending to change the canonical SVO order into the postverbal-subject construction, and make the information packaged in a proper way. Previous studies about inversion are mainly on the usage, classification, rhetorical functions and textual functions. These researches have been done in the literary writing. Since the scientific writing has a great deal information, it usually apply the inversion to balance the information status.The way of information development of ellipsis in EST from sentence level is of great significance. Based on information theory, data collection is carried out and further analysis showed that four information functions (conciseness/ coherence/ emphasis/ contrast) do work in the elliptical sentences. The four functions are distributed with special features for different reasons.As a common grammatical phenomenon in EST, the passives must play a very important role in the information transmission. Summing up the previous researchers’ findings, on the basis of statistics from corpus, this paper analyzes detailedly the functions to ensure the objectivity and succinctness, to establish a new topic, to highlight information,to ensure coherence, to make a contrast of information and to make information dramatic respectively, attempting to offer some guidance to reading, writing and translating texts of this genre.Subjunctive is not only used frequently in many kinds of literature works, but is found in the scientific articles at times. Therefore, this article is designed to find out the information function of the subjunctives appearing in these scientific articles and how do the subjunctives are used to impress various information, in order to serve for the scientific scholars to obtain knew knowledge and understand different international articles more clearly; at the same time it also supply great help for the English learners to master and use subjunctives better.The method taken for study in this thesis is empirical with detailed analysis of the corpus established on the magazine Scientific American, one to ten, 2005. The examples are selected randomly to guarantee the objectiveness of the study.The result shows that in EST the above sentence patterns are often to achieve the following functions as introducing information, stating information, converting information, progressing information, stressing information, connecting information, balancing information, predicting information, defining information, generalizing information, terminalizing information and etc. Different patterns have different ways of functioning.更多还原