【作者】 张斌；

【导师】 赵英才；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 技术经济及管理， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 企业起源于社会,除其经济功能之外,企业也承担了部分社会职能,并随着组织协调机制的演进,呈现出社会化的趋势。在现代分工体系中,企业组织的边界已经变得模糊,其内部结构与企业之间的外部关联呈现出网络化趋势。企业是人工自然的缔造者,企业的工业化生产是促使天然自然向人工自然演化的基本方式。在企业与自然的整个生产体系中,嵌入性生态生产方式是企业生态化的根本。本文首先运用仿生化的研究方法,在企业现实的社会、经济、自然三维空间内研究进企业进化的基本规律,即企业的社会化、组织网络化和生产的生态化问题。首先,根据企业的社会属性,以组织协调机制演化为线索,对企业与社会协同演化及企业社会化问题进行专题研究;其次,在经济维度内,从分工协调角度分析企业内部组织结构及企业组织间的关系,研究其内部、外部网络化的过程;最后,从人工自然与企业生态生产角度研究企业的生态化进程,提出了嵌入性生态生产方式的有关问题,并运用界面生态学的理论分析了企业生态设计、生产的原则、方法,进而对企业的适应性生态行为做深入研究。生产技术、生产方式变迁是企业进化的根本。在进行了规范化的“企业:自然―经济―社会”协同进化研究之后,文章进而运用马克思的社会历史研究方法对企业进化的历史阶段、演化过程做出专门研究。首先,对企业的生产技术、生产方式进行阶段性分析;然后,运用“技术―经济”范式对企业的进化阶段做出划分,将其划分为原生态企业、古典企业、现代企业和后现代企业;最后,基于“技术―经济”范式,对人类历史上企业的进化过程进行了实证研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 The enterprise origin from society, and as a producing organization of social division and harmonization, enterprise presents on the historical stage along with the formation of capitalistic market economy. With the development of society in particular economical fast growth, social function and action of enterprise organization boost up continuously. And enterprise organization has evolved into MNC from the initial domestic workshop. In the society of economy as leading, enterprise is a microcosmic main body of market economy running, and Enterprise’s production and service are the social life and the national development foundation. Enterprise bears some social function except economic function. And it tends to socialization with the evolving of organizing-harmonizing mechanism. At present, enterprise has become exploiter and leader in the global economy integration and international contact. Moreover, as far as the relation between people and nature in the social production is concerned, industrializing production of enterprise is the basal manner urging natural nature evolving into artificial nature. Human realize their production practice depending mainly on enterprise’s man-power production. Large-scale and organized enterprise production created illustrious industrial civilization and altered survival state of human being at the same time. People know gradually the root of ecology crisis is industrializing production destroying natural environment. The awakening of human ecology consciousness, the formation of sustainable development conception and the practice of ecology production manner and industry ecology-management all present more requirement to enterprise, ecology enterprise or enterprise ecology-management has become a basal developing trend of up-to-date enterprise.This paper present and discuss the problem of enterprise evolution based the above problem and realistic background. The paper aim at studying on enterprise evolution in a macro-space-time scale, that is to say to discuss the relation between enterprise evolution and nature, economy, society and the basal law of enterprise evolution in the range of nature-economy-society. The main content including:Firstly, we summarize and conclude the problem in researching enterprise ecological-management, enucleate the essentiality of unifying the history of enterprise evolution research and logic, and ascertain the three dimensionalities of researching enterprise evolution: nature, economy and society, furthermore, present basal researched problem, research content and thinking method.Secondly, based on the social property of enterprise combining with the evolving of organizing-harmonizing mechanism, we study the evolution of enterprise cooperating with society and the problem of enterprise socialization. The above content includes two parts: social origin of enterprise and system evolving, people concerning with the benefit of enterprise and their social responsibility. In allusion to part one, after simple depicting how economics in particular the classical division of labor theory explains enterprise origin, we analyze the basal original course of enterprise organization from the hand of the evolving of organizing-harmonizing mechanism, i. e. the course society history of enterprise from domestic production, handicraft industry of factory to classical enterprise of capitalism. Furthermore, considering the evolving of organizing-harmonizing mechanism on the history as a course realizing its legalization along with the propagation of social relation, we research the history course of enterprise developing form owner system to and partnership system, stock system to company system. In allusion to part two, after depicting the formation course of conception of people concerning with the benefit of enterprise and social responsibility, we make the specially analysis to the governing question of enterprise’s socialization process, then taking SA8000 as the example discuss the enterprise’s social responding of our country.Thirdly, Along with social division of labor deepening and internationalization, the production organization way and the enterprise organization structure all changed deeply, which changed enterprise’s survival environment and the behavior way, urged the formation of enterprise’s network organization. Not only did the enterprise network reflect among enterprise organizations, also reflect the interior in the enterprise organization. Therefore, taking division of labor as the main line, we has analyzed mainly the enterprise interior organization structure and the division of labor relations among enterprises from the deepened process of social labor division of labor, As well as vertical specialized and global value chain formation, Then studied the change of enterprise organization shape brought by the division of labor evolution. Finally, taking the MNC as the example, its interior organization variation process and its exterior network strategy have been analyzed.Fourthly, Artificial nature and enterprise’s evolution. From enterprise’s productive relations to humanity’s sustainable development, the enterprise evolution needs ecology harmonious with the natural nature. The enterprise is the inventor of artificial nature. Enterprise evolution in the natural dimension is enterprise’s ecology-management. At first, the question of enterprise’s ecology production manner is proposed in the artificial natural linguistic environment, we point out that the essence of ecology production manner is the industrial production of artificial nature activity inserting into natural nature. Then, we re-explain clean production and circulation economy taking the ecology contact surface of industrial production as analysis tool. Then, from the ecology angle of view, we research deeply the ecology behavior of environment forcing and enterprise compatibility in the enterprise ecology-management. Finally, the enterprise ecology manufacture and the enterprise ecology contact surface design question in industry ecosystem have been discussed, and take the industry ecology garden area as the example, the industry paragenesis pattern and the enterprise paragenesis system has been studied.Finally, Technical and productive manner vicissitude and enterprise evolving history. In human social evolving history, the technology is an eternal power. The technology shows the essence of industry, the productive technology is the basic symbol distinguishing economical time. Enterprise’s evolution history is the evolution history of its productive manner. Taking technical vicissitude as the master line, it may fundamentally reflect the evolving course of enterprise. Firstly, the evolving process of social productive technology is summarized. Then, along the technical route, we analyze the general process of enterprise production manner vicissitude, and analyze the evolution of manufacturing industry productive manner taking the development of automobile industry as the example. Finally, based on the model of“the technique-economy”, we make the division to the enterprise evolving stage, and take actually research.The enterprise evolution is the coordination evolutionary process of independent choice and environment adapt. This article utilizes the economic, sociological and the bionics theory and method to study the enterprise evolution, expecting to grasp the evolving process and rule of enterprise in whole. This kind of multi-disciplinary theory application itself needs to understand the essence of each theory and synthesize their knowledge. This article also attempts to make some attempt in this aspect. Some results have been yielded, but it will have longer load to be walked from now on.更多还原