【作者】 朴正守；

【导师】 林桂军；

【作者基本信息】 对外经济贸易大学 ， 国际贸易学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 自20世纪90年代以来,国际直接投资的增长速度超过国际商品贸易的增长速度,且有加速增长的趋势。国际直接投资对投资母国、东道国乃至整个世界经济的发展产生了深刻的影响。改革开放之后,中国通过吸收和利用外商直接投资,对经济发展产生了重大的积极作用。外商对华直接投资通过增加中国资本规模以及增加税收来源,有效地弥补了中国建设资金的不足;通过增加中国的外汇供给,有利于平衡中国的国际收支;通过吸收中国的劳动力就业,缓解了中国巨大的就业压力;通过引进国外先进技术、管理经验以及培养技术人才,提高了中国企业管理水平、职工生产技能和劳动生产率。此外,外商直接投资还促进了中国对外贸易的迅速发展、总体优化了中国的产业结构和出口贸易结构。外商直接投资在促进中国经济发展的同时,也带来某些负面影响。例如,外商对华直接投资主要集中在第二产业,行业结构不够合理,不利于中国产业结构的优化;有些外商直接投资企业消耗了中国大量的不可再生资源并造成严重污染,不利于中国经济可持续性发展和改善中国生态环境。此外,外商对华直接投资引起贸易平衡转移效应,导致中国对外贸易摩擦不断加剧;外国大型跨国公司控制了中国某些重要行业和市场,对中国经济安全也形成一定的威胁。韩国对华直接投资是中国吸收和利用外商直接投资的重要组成部分。中韩建交以来,韩国对华直接投资迅速增长。1992到2006年,实际使用外资金额由1.19亿美元增至38.94亿美元,所占比重从1.09﹪增至6.187﹪。据中华人民共和国商务部统计1,1992到2006年韩国对华直接投资项目数由650个增至4262个,合同外资金额由4.17亿美元增至123.16亿美元,所占比重由0.72﹪上升至6.36﹪。中国已成为韩国第一大投资目的地。在向国外不断加大投资的同时,韩国也在不断调整吸引外商直接投资的政策。1997年的东南亚金融危机使韩国政府意识到有选择地吸引外资的重要性,韩国政府开始调整政策,扩大吸引外国直接投资。因此在韩国对华直接投资迅速增长的同时,中国对韩国的直接投资也在逐渐增加,从建交初期的0.05亿美元逐渐上升至2006年的17.95亿美元。本文在回顾国际直接投资理论和吸收相关领域优秀研究成果的基础上,利用国内外最新数据,综合运用理论与实际相结合、规范分析与实证分析相结合、静态分析与动态分析相结合等方法,论述了中韩相互投资对两国经济发影响,从投资动机、投资规模、投资方式、投资行业等不同侧面分析了中韩相互投资对两国经济状况,并运用计量回归方法对中韩相互投资对两国经济影响,尤其是对两国经济增长的影响进行了实证检验。本文提出,在促进中国经济增长方面,韩国对华直接投资的效果相对优于外商在华直接投资的效果。这主要是由于韩国对华直接投资主要集中于制造业,而且韩国跨国公司在应用技术方面居于世界先进地位,因此韩国对华直接投资的发展,不仅会给中国带来先进的技术和工艺,提高中国产品的档次,加强中国企业的竞争意识,从而大大增强中国企业的竞争力及其在国际市场上的地位。同时,本文的实证结果也显示,中国对韩国的直接投资没有对韩国形成正的技术外溢,反而通过对韩国的直接投资从韩国学习到了先进技术;在韩国不断增长的外国直接投资中,投资者的动机逐步发生了变化,以获取较大韩国国内市场、赚取贸易利益的投资逐渐让位于购买、学习技术以及培养人才型的投资。而外国投资者在获取了先进技术之后将技术反馈给投资母国,使原有企业在国际市场中的竞争优势逐渐降低,从而又对韩国经济的增长产生不利的影响。针对如何改善与扩大中韩两国相互直接投资问题,本文对中国和韩国分别提出几条基本的对策建议。针对韩国吸收中国直接投资的政策建议:(1)改善外国投资环境;(2)选择恰当的投资类型;(3)鼓励投资模式的多样化发展。针对中国吸收和利用韩国直接投资问题,本文提出三条基本的对策建议:(1)健全相关法律法规,进一步改善投资环境;(2)制定科学合理的引资政策,优化韩商投资的产业结构;(3)引导、鼓励韩国企业投资中国中西部地区积极发挥引资政策的导向作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since 1990s,the increase speed of FDI (foreign direct investment) has been exceeding the increase speed of international trade. The trend is to increase more and more. The FDI has caused a very great influence on the economic development of the parent country, host country and even the whole world.The absorption and utilization of FDI has brought positive effects on China’s economic development after reform and opening-up. For example,the FDI effectively solved the funding shortfalls by increasing the capital stock and increasing revenue sources. At the same time, it also balanced China’s international balance of payments by increasing China’s foreign exchange supply, easing the pressure on China’s employment by absorbing China’s labor force and also improving the local workers’labor skills and the efficiency of production through the introduction of foreign advanced technology , management expertise,and the training of technical personnel. In addition,FDI in China contributed a lot to the rapid development of China’s international trade and the structure of China’s international trade and industry. FDI also has some negative effects while promoting China’s economic growth. For example,FDI in China is concentrated in the secondary industry,which is not conducive to China’s optimization of industrial structure. FDI in China is mainly concentrated in coastal areas in the east,but central and western regions is relatively low,the imbalance of China’s increased investment in the regional structure increased the difficulties of the balanced regional development. Some FDI consumed a large amount of non-renewable resources in China, which worsened the ecological environment of China,and will make adverse impact on China’s sustainable development strategy extremely. Furthermore, FDI in China caused the trade-balance-transfer effect, resulting in the worsening of China’s foreign trade friction. Also,the entrance of large multinational corporations threatens Chinese national economic security.Korean government realizes the importance of the foreign capital detention after the Southeast Asia financial crisis of 1997. Therefore, Korea’s FDI to China increased rapidly while China’s FDI to Korea increased gradually. After diplomacy handing, China’s FDI to Korea has increased from 0.005 billion US dollars to 1.795 US dollars in 2006.FDI from South Korea is an important component of the total FDI attracted in China. After the diplomatic relations established between China and South Korea in 1992,FDI from South Korea in China expanded rapidly. From 1992 to 2006, FDI real-amounts from South Korea are increases in China from 119 million to 3.894 billion US dollars, and the proportion from 1.09% to 6.19%. According to the Department of Commerce of PRC statistics, the object number of South Korea invested in China from650 increased to 4262; the contract-amounts increased in China from417 million US dollars to 12.316 billion US dollars, and the proportion from 0.72% to 6.36%.China has become South Korea’s largest foreign direct investment destination.As an increase of investment going abroad, South Korea is also constantly adjust to attract FDI policies. The 1997 Southeast Asian financial crisis made South Korea aware that the government should select the policy of attracting foreign investment; the South Korean government has started to adjust policy, expanding measures of attracting foreign direct investment. Therefore FDI of Korea to China has experienced a rapid growth; and the Chinese direct investment in South Korea has also increased gradually, from the initial 5 million US dollars at the beginning of establishment of diplomatic relations gradually increased to 1.795 billion US dollars in 2006.Based on the review of FDI theory of the world and absorbing the outstanding research results in related fields,making use of the latest data at home and abroad and comprehensive use of combining theory and practice, Empirical Analysis of standardized combination of static analysis and dynamic analysis methods, analyzed the mutual investment between China and South Korea on the economic development of the two countries from the investment motivation, investment scale, the methods of investment, investment sectors of China and applying econometrics regression method to discuss bilateral mutual investment on the effect of economic development, particularly on the economic growth of the two countries.In this paper, in promoting China’s economic growth, Korea’s direct investment in China is better than the relative effects of other foreign direct investment in China. This was mainly due to South Korean direct investment in China was concentrated in the manufacturing sector, and Korean multinationals are in the application of advanced technology position in the world. South Korea’s direct investment in China, not only will bring to China advanced technologies and techniques to enhance Chinese products grades, and enhance the competitiveness of Chinese enterprises consciousness, thereby greatly enhancing the competitiveness of Chinese enterprises in the international market and its status. At the same time, The empirical results also show that China’s direct investment in South Korea has little positive technology spillover effects, but through direct investment to study advanced technology in South Korean, and the motivation of the investors has changed gradually, the investment to make greater access to South Korea market and to make trade interests gradually giving way to the investment of purchasing, learning technology and personnel training. After they get the advanced technologies, the will bring it to home countries, which will cause the original enterprises with competitive power in the international market to lower gradually, and thus having a negative impact on the growth of the Korean economy.To the problem of expanding the scale and improving investment returns of the South Korea’s foreign direct investment in China,the author brought up some basic measures to China and South Korea. Suggestions on South Korea :(1) improve the investment environments; (2) select the right styles of investment; (3) encourage the diversification of investment pattern. Suggestions on China : (1) complete the relevant laws and regulations to improve the investment environments; (2) formulate the scientific and rational policies to attract foreign direct investment, optimize the industrial structure of South Korea’s foreign direct investment in China; (3) lead and encourage the South Korea’s foreign direct investment in China’Midwest areas, exert the guide effect of the policy.更多还原