节点文献

盛唐散文研究

The Study on Prose of the Prosperous Tang

【作者】 胡燕

【导师】 刘文刚;

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 , 中国古代文学, 2007, 博士

【摘要】 散文在古代本处于中心地位,五四以来,由于种种原因导致古代散文研究相对沉寂。大致而言,学界对散文的研究,主要集中在先秦诸子散文、两汉史传散文、唐宋古文运动、唐宋八大家、以及明清散文等方面。具体到唐代散文研究,又集中在中唐古文运动,而古文运动又以韩愈、柳宗元为焦点,对唐赋、散体文以及在唐代占主流地位的骈文很少涉及。就研究方法而言,唐代散文研究多从历时性的纵向角度进行研究,几乎没有人从共时性横向的角度对某一特定历史时期的各体散文进行全面、系统地研究,更少涉及各类创作的艺术精神与艺术特色的互相融通与渗透的问题。有鉴于此,我试图从文本出发,讨论盛唐散文丰富的内容,独特的审美价值,多向度的文学发展走向,多样的文学观念以及文学与政治、经济、文化之间的复杂关系等,以期对盛唐散文作深入、全面、细致地整体观照,丰富盛唐文学的研究。绪论部分首先考察了“散文”概念的流变。然后在学界关于古代散文研究范畴基础上提出本文的研究范围及研究对象。本文以盛唐时期的散体文、赋、骈文为研究对象,它是指除诗歌、传奇之外的文章,时限从开元元年(公元713年)至宝应元年(公元762年),贯穿玄宗、肃宗两朝。最后详细介绍了从古至今盛唐散文研究的总体状况。第一章论述开元散文,以张说、苏颈、张九龄为代表,以歌功颂美、润色王业为主,包括碑颂、制敕,昂扬乐观,雄浑外拓,雍容华贵,颇具台阁之风。第二章论述开元后期至天宝年间的散文,以李白、孙逖、杜甫、王维为重点,他们或继续沉浸在开元盛世的“迷梦”中,追求建功立业、致君尧舜;或逐渐开始清醒,陷入一种“深刻的不安”之中,致力于揭露社会的不公与黑暗面,但即便如此,仍心存希望。表现在散文中就是颂德与批判兼重,积极昂扬与愤世哀世并有,恢宏豪宕与奇崛深幽并存。第三章论述至德至宝应年间的散文,以萧颖士、李华、颜真卿、独孤及、元结为重点,以批判时俗、反思战乱、抒发乱世之苦痛为主,雄浑悲壮、凄恻深沉。前三章关于盛唐散文的发展与演进从纵、横两个维度切入。首先,古代散文文体种类繁多。每一种文体在长时期的写作实践中都形成了独特且较为稳定的创作内容、艺术形式、审美特征和风格倾向。因此,在研究单篇或一家散文的艺术特色时,在研究散文的叙事手法、审美意趣、结构修辞等的同时,亦将其放入古代文化的大背景下追溯源流,在考释、比较的基础上,探其渊薮,明其脉络,确定文体通常所应有的艺术形式、审美特征和风格倾向以及前人从事同一文体已经达到的艺术水平。然后,在此前提下,再分析作者在满足文体基本要求的同时,所表现出的个性特征,既要观其传承,又要明其变化,尤共要关注传承中的变化与变化中的传承,以期能较准确地认识单篇散文的艺术美和一家散文的艺术风格。其次,从横的方面,着力于展现盛唐时期各体散文艺术精神的互相融通和艺术特色的互相渗透,以及盛唐散文发展的文化生态环境,特有的艺术趣味和社会审美心态,探寻其艺术特色的成因。对一家散文的研究,并不采取面面俱到的方式,而是将重点放在其最有代表性的文体及名篇上。对于作家生平,因为学界对大多数散文家的生平已有较多的学术成果,且意见趋于一致,所以本文将对此不作详细论述。第四章论述盛唐散文体裁样式的拓展与创新。盛唐散文在体裁、样式的拓展与创新方面都取得重要的成果,展示出盛唐散文特有的风采。关于盛唐时期各类文体的拓展以及文体革新背后所折射出的社会历史文化精神,学界对此或一笔带过,或“视而不见”,未予深入探讨。有鉴于此,本章拟探讨律赋、序文、判文等几种在盛唐时期具有重要开拓性的体裁样式的渊源流变、文体的内部规定性、美学特征和文化意蕴。第五章论述盛唐散文的特质、个性,以盛唐干谒文为例。本章从文化学切入,从盛唐选官制度、文人人格、盛唐文化精神等角度剖析、阐释干谒文这个杂糅着趋势媚俗与清高脱俗的矛盾体,分析盛唐干谒文背后隐含的社会风尚、社会心态、士人性格等问题,掌握盛唐文人的精神风貌和人格追求,进而把握盛唐散文的艺术突破与独特魅力。盛唐散文同盛唐诗歌一起构建了后人难以企及的盛唐之音与盛唐气象。散文与诗歌,虽然表现方式不同,但其中所蕴涵的精神特质是一致的,其美学风格、审美理想都有一定的相似性,毕竟他们的创作主体都是同样的一批人。散文中的盛唐气象表现为:昂扬乐观的风采、雄浑宽远的境界、恢宏豪放的气度,敢为天下先的意气、充沛盎然的活力、敢于暴露矛盾的勇气、平交王侯的傲气、睥睨一切的豪气,勃发出特有的豁达雄放的精神气度,体现出对个人自由、个体价值的充分肯定,展示了国威远扬、万方臣服的大唐盛世社会精神面貌和民族心理。他们最让人钦佩的是把对社会、对国家贡献作为人生价值最高理想来实践。而这一切都源于开明的政治及开放的心态,这是盛唐散文具有盛唐气象的根基,具体表现为南北文化的交融,中外文化的交流,经济的繁荣,儒、释、道三教的融和以及人才发展空间的扩大。盛唐散文承两汉、六朝散文而来,而能自出机枢,卓然自成一家,在唐代散文发展史上具有里程碑的意义,对中唐古文运动亦有着深远的影响。

【Abstract】 Abstract: The classical prose had been the centre of classical literature before May 4th movement. Since then, however, various factors resulted in comparative dreariness on study of the classical prose. So, this dissertation tries to discuss the ample content, unique aesthetic appreciation, multi-dimensional select of literary development, various literary concepts and complicated connection between literature and politics, economy, culture in the prose of the Prosperous Tang through close reading, with an aim to made a deep and full comprehension of the prose of the Prosperous Tang and to enrich the study of the literature of the Prosperous Tang.In the prologue, there is an introduction of the evolution of the concept of ’prose’, on which the scope and the object of this dissertation are based. This dissertation focuses on the single-line prose, the parallel and the ode from A.D.713 to A.D.762. A detailed introduction of the present research situation of the prose of the Prosperous Tang follows.Chapter 1 discusses the prose in Kai-yuan period. Its representatives are Zhang Yue, Su Ting and Zhang Jiu-ling. Its primary content is that sing the court’s exploit and extol the emperor’s virtue, including stele, eulogy and command. Its styles are high-spirited, vigorous, firm, luxuriant.Chapter 2 discusses prose from the evening of Kai-yuan period to Tian-bao period. Its representatives are Li Bai, Sun Ti, Du Fu, Wang Wei. Its content is composed of singing and animadverting, enterprise and indignation, heroic and singularity.Chapter 3 disscusses the prose from Zhi-De period to Bao-Ying period. Its representatives are Xiao Yin-shi, Li Hua, Yan Zheng-qing, Du Gu-Ji and Yuan Jie. Its content is animadverting common customs, pondering chaos caused by war, abreacting torment, and so on. Its styles are powerful, solemn, sad and heavy.In chapter 4, breakthrough and innovation of types of literature of the prose in the Prosperous Tang are discussed. The evolution of the original type pattern, the inner prescription, aesthetics characteristics and culture significance of Lufu, Preface and adjudication order which are the significant styles in the Prosperous Tang, are carefully discussed.Chapter 5 discusses the particularity and individuality of the prose in the Prosperous Tang, the petition, for instance. I take apart the petition which is a confliction consisted of timeserving and chasteness, construe the hidden society custom, community intention and scholar character in the petition, grasp the spunk view and personality hankering of the bookman in the Prosperous Tang, master art breakthrough and idiographic charm from the system of awarding official position, a knight of the pen character and culture spirit in the Heyday of Tang dynasty.The prose and the poetry together establish the Phenomenon of Prosperous Tang. The prose in the Heyday of Tang dynasty is able to have a style of its own, along with the prose in the Han dynasty and the Six dynasties. It possesses milestone meaning in the development history of the prose in Tang dynasty; deeply affect the simple style prose movement in the Middle Tang dynasty.

  • 【网络出版投稿人】 四川大学
  • 【网络出版年期】2008年 06期
节点文献中: 

本文链接的文献网络图示:

本文的引文网络