【作者】 陈祖君；

【导师】 蒋晓丽；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 作为中国当代少数民族文学重要的外部生存条件之一的汉语文学期刊是观察中国当代少数民族文学的重要窗口，也是进入中国当代少数民族文学研究的重要入门。从文学期刊的角度切入，细致清理中国当代少数民族文学发生、发展和演变的脉络，将是一件非常有意义的工作。论文作者关注的问题是作为中国当代文学一个重要组成部分的中国当代少数民族文学的发展，它的由来及其流变；而把它的发展放在作为一种文化传播媒介的汉语文学期刊中进行考察，认为汉语文学期刊在承载和显现它的时候，也对它的生成和演变发挥了重要作用。以往的中国当代少数民族文学研究，多集中于单纯的作家作品研究上面，或者是作家作品的总体概览。论文尝试由此拓展开去，考察它的发表、传播、自我定位、评价等诸多环节，注重研究汉语文学期刊在中国当代少数民族文学生成和演变过程中的影响和作用，达到对其丰富和复杂表象的进一步把握。作者力图证明，汉语文学期刊不仅发表、显现、承载了中国当代少数民族文学，同时也充分发挥其作为文化传播媒介的主体能动作用，孕育并参与建构了中国当代少数民族文学。它促发了中国少数民族文学的现代转型，重建了中国少数民族文学的传播空间，从族群体验、表意策略、作家身份认同等诸多方面影响到文学自身，对中国当代少数民族文学的发生有着不容忽视的巨大影响，从而对中国当代少数民族文学内在地包含的少数民族性、当代性和文学性的诉求起到了推波助澜的作用，一定程度上甚至可以说帮助打造了当代少数民族文学的少数民族性、当代性和文学性诉求，使中国当代少数民族文学成为一种在汉语文学期刊中生存并被汉语文学期刊渗透的中国当代文学和文化的一部分，成为一种在媒介中建构起来的生存图景。论文分六章，前面冠以导言，后面缀以结语。导言梳理中国当代少数民族文学研究，对其作一个简要的回顾，同时评判其成就和不足，在此基础上提出自己的研究对象和方法——引进汉语文学期刊作为研究对象，在传媒文化的视野中，综合运用媒介学、传播学、民族学、社会学和文学分析等方法，考察汉语文学期刊在当代少数民族文学发展过程中的作用。第一章对什么是中国当代少数民族文学作具体解释，并对作为其重要媒介环境的汉语文学期刊作了初步考察。本章先解释一些基本概念如民族、少数民族、族群、中国当代文学，从清理已有的研究着手，尝试着回答什么是中国当代少数民族文学，作者赞成一种比较宽泛的理解，把中国当代少数民族文学大体确定为：中国当代少数民族文学，可以认为是中华人民共和国成立以来具有少数民族族属的人们创作的文学，是或者用少数民族语言文字或者以少数民族生活内容为题材创作的文学。希望这样的理解没有和下面一种理解矛盾，即中国当代少数民族文学不是具有固定本质的概念，而是一个在当代建构起来，在实践中使用并不断变迁、不断获得新的阐释意义的概念；我们对它的界定，一定程度上是一种权宜之计，以便在以后的言说中有一个可以凭借的着力点。接着从总体上考察文学期刊作为大众传媒的独特性以及它在中国当代的发展，考察文学期刊对文学的影响；作者认为，这种考察是必要的，有助于认识中国当代少数民族文学所生存的媒介环境。在考察文学期刊作为大众传媒的独特性时，着重从共时性和历时性特别是历时性的角度分析它对文学的作用，分析它的出现对文学尤其是中国文学发展的意义。在考察文学期刊在中国当代的发展时，大致分成1950—60年代、1980年代、1990年代三个阶段进行，清理它在每个阶段的运作情况及对文学的意义；这样的考察其实是对中国当代少数民族文学的媒介环境的考察。第二章探讨中国少数民族文学的现代转型以及汉语文学期刊在这种转型中所起的作用。在中国当代，少数民族文学和整体性的中国文学一样，经历了一个极大的转变。在这种转变中，中国当代少数民族文学产生和发展起来。这种转变，可称为中国少数民族文学的现代转型。文学期刊对于中国少数民族文学的现代转型发挥了重要的作用，这种作用可以放在它作为一种重要力量促使中国少数民族文学发生现代转型从而使中国当代少数民族文学产生这样的意义上来看。本章有一种重要观点认为，汉语文学期刊提供了一种中国各民族文学都可以展现自身的媒介，在这种媒介中，以汉语为通用语，实现了一种超越各民族文化而带有跨文化传播色彩的多元文化传播，我们可以试将其称之为跨越各民族文化的多元文化传播，简称为跨民族的多元文化传播；在这片场域或语境中，各少数民族文学都得到展现，获得共同的认同，从而建立起一整套关于少数民族文学尤其是少数民族当代文学的话语体系和知识谱系。本章表达的重要观点还有，汉语文学期刊提供了媒介，使中国各少数族群的文学总体上由口头文学向书面文学转变；汉语文学期刊提供了一片场地或一种保证，使少数民族作家获得职业和身份的认同。从这些表述中，我们可以看到，作为一种重要力量的汉语文学期刊促发了中国当代少数民族文学的产生和发展。我们知道经典在形成文学史知识谱系中的重要，《中国新文艺大系．少数民族文学集》在中国当代少数民族文学经典形成中的地位举足轻重，为此本章还列《<中国新文艺大系1949—1966少数民族文学集>所选篇目及其所出媒介统计表》和《<中国新文艺大系1976—1982少数民族文学集>所选篇目及其所出媒介统计表》对其中隐藏的汉语文学期刊的影响作了分析。第三章考察汉语文学期刊如何促发中国当代少数民族文学传播空间的生成和演变。一定意义上，中国当代少数民族文学从产生的时候起，围绕着它，就建构起一个独特的传播空间、一个文学的场域。文学期刊作为大众传播媒介是构建这一空间或场域不可忽视的因素。而且，这一空间也在随着时代的发展、社会的变迁而不断演变。本章发掘、发现和分析了一些事件或现象如《人民文学》“发刊词”的“任务”和“要求”的规定中对少数民族文学的涵纳，《新华月报》的“兄弟民族文艺”专栏，50年代末期包括《人民文学》、《文艺报》、《延河》等各家文学期刊的“兄弟民族文学”或“少数民族文学”专辑、专号，1981年《民族文学》的创刊以及《草原》、《山花》、《边疆文学》等九家文学期刊联合发布关于少数民族文学的广告，等等；这些事件或现象，是以往研究中国当代少数民族文学的学者注意不够或根本没有注意的，而恰恰是这些事件或现象，标志了中国当代少数民族文学发生发展过程中的重要环节。第四章进一步论述汉语文学期刊与中国当代少数民族文学中族群体验及作家身份认同之间的联系，考察汉语文学期刊对中国少数民族族群体验和作家身份的影响和作用。我们知道，在大多数情况下，中国当代少数民族文学是指以中国当代少数民族作家为创作主体的、反映当代少数民族生活的文学。这里面，少数民族族群体验的表达和少数民族作家身份认同是更趋向当代少数民族文学创作、涉及当代少数民族文学本体的重要问题。如果说以上几章是一种偏向于总体的、外部的社会文化考察，那么，这一章可以说是从当代少数民族文学内部结合文本进行的细致辨析。作者想证明在汉语文学期刊构造的传播空间里，它对当代少数民族文学的影响是一种及于本质、造成少数民族文学发生根本转变的影响。通过这样一种辨析，试图把对汉语文学期刊对中国当代少数民族文学的作用的考察进一步引向深入。第五、六两章以民族自治区的文学期刊《草原》和多民族省份的文学期刊《山花》和全国性文学期刊《民族文学》为例，考察文学期刊和中国当代少数民族文学的具体联系。这两章属具体的媒介分析，从办刊方针、编辑策略、栏目设置等多方面考察三种刊物的沿革及其和当代少数民族文学的联系，希望从这种个案的考察中，能看到中国当代少数民族文学的具体呈现，看到汉语文学期刊在呈现中国当代少数民族文学中的具体作用。结语总结全部论述得出结论，也对相关问题作简要说明。更多还原

【Abstract】 Literary periodicals in Chinese language, as one of the important external conditions of the existence of the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality, is a significant window through which we can observe and study the development of the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality. It will be a fairly valuable jab to straighten out the thread of the generation, development and evolution of the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality, from literary periodicals in Chinese language point of view. The author of this thesis focuses on the development, its origin and evolution of the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality, which is an important part of contemporary Chinese literature, examines its development against the background of literary periodicals in Chinese language, a culture media. The author believes that while literary periodicals in Chinese language bear and represent the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality, it also plays an important role in generation and evolution of the latter. Previous studies on the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality mainly simply emphasized on the studies of writers, or gave a general view of writers and works, but this thesis tries to broaden the view, to study its publication, circulation and other sectors. In doing this, the thesis mainly studies the the influence and function of literary periodicals in Chinese language to the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality in the process of its generation and evolution, so as to further command of its rich and complex representation. The author hopes to prove that literary periodicals in Chinese language not only publicate, represent and carries the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality, but also exert subjective and active function as culture media: give birth to and participate in constructing the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality; that literary periodicals in Chinese language help lead to modern transformation of the literature of Chinese minority nationality, reconstruct a communicating space for the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality, and influence the latter from many aspects, such as ethnic group experience, signified tacticsand identity of writers, and so greatly effects the innerly included characteristics of minority nationalities, the contemporary era and literature; and that to some extent, it helps build the characteristics of minority nationalities, the contemporary era and literature, to make the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality as a part of contemporary Chinese literary and culture in which literary periodicals in Chinese language get its emergence and by which is permeated literary periodicals in Chinese language, to lastly become a living picture constucted in media.The thesis is devided into six chapters with a preface and a conclusion. The preface combs out the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality with a brief retrospection and comments on its achievement and shortcomings, based onwhich the author brings out his researching objects and methods--sets literaryperiodicals in Chinese language as object, in the view of culture media, and adopts the analytic methods of media, communication, ethnicity, sociology, literature etc to test the fuction of literary periodicals in Chinese language in the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality.Chapter one gives detailed definition of what is the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality, and a preliminary inspection of its important mediaenvironment--literary periodicals in Chinese language. This chapter, firstly,defines some general concepts, such as nationality, minority nationality, ethnic group, contemporary Chinese literature, and begins with systematized studies to answer what is the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality. The author agrees with a relatively broader comprehension to define the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality briefly as: the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality, is regarded as the literature created by people of minority nationality since the establishment of People’s Republic of China, the kind created with a language of minority nationality or with a theme about minority nationality’s life by them. The author hopes that the comprehension mentioned about won’t contradict to the following one ie. the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality is a concept construct in the contemporary era and changes continuously, it has no fixed meaning, it is, to some extend, a flexible concept in practical usage; it is an expendient method to define the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality to have a good point in further says. Then, it examines the specialities of literary periodicals as mass media and its development in contemporary China, and its influence on literature as a whole. When examine the development of literary periodicals in contemporary China, we devide it into three periods: 1950-60s, 1980s, 1990s, and clarify its working and meaning in different periods. This, as a matter of fact, is to test the media environment of the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality.Chapter two probes into the modern transformation of the literature of Chinese minority nationality and the function of literary periodicals in Chinese language in this transformation. In contemporary China, Chinese minority nationality literature, like the whole Chinese literature, has undertanken a great change. Through this change, the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality begins and develops. And the change can be named as the modern transformation of the literature of Chinese minority nationality, in which literary periodicals exerts a great influence which can be judged from the fact that it is an important force to bring out the modern transformation of the literature of Chinese minority nationality and enable the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality to generate. One of the important points of this chapter is that literary periodicals in Chinese language provide all kinds of literature of Chinese minority nationality with media to present themselves, of this media, Chinese is general language, which realizes multi-cultural comunication with trans-cultural communication implication that surpass culturre of each nationalities. We can name it as multi-cultural communication that surpass culture of nationalities, or, simply as trans-national and multi-cultural communication. Under this circumstance, literature of every nationalities has full representation, obtains mutual understandings, and establishes a whole set of discourse system and knowledge pedigree of literature of minority nationalities, especially the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality. This chapter also wants to express other important views, such as, literary periodicals in Chinese language provide media that enables the transfer of literature of minority nationality from oral form to writing form; it provides a ground or evidence that enables minority writers to obtain the identity of their job and status .Judging from this description ,we could find that ,as an important power, literary periodicals in Chinese language stimulate the generation and development of the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality. We know the importance of classics in forming kownoledge pedigree of the history of literature, the Great Series of Chinese New-vernacular Literature and Art ? the Volume of Literature of Minority Nationality play a rather vital role in the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality, so in this chapter the author arranges facts from the Great Series above mentioned in tables to analyse influences of literary periodicals in Chinese language on forming of classics of the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality.Chapter three studies how does literary periodicals in Chinese language help to generate and evolute the communication space of the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality. Actually ,the time the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality begins , it constructs a special communication space or a literature field, surrounding literary periodicals in Chinese language. Literary periodicals, as mass media, is an unneglectable element in the construction of the space or field. Besides ,this space evolute with the time and the society . In this chapter, the author discovers ,explores and analysizes some events or phenomena such as the inclusive capacity of the task and requirement of the Forward of the People’s Literature towards minority nationality literature, special colunm for Literature and Art of Froternal Nationality of Xinhua Yuebao, in late 1950s special journal and issues for froternal nationality literature or minority nationality literature of the People’s Literature, Literature and Art Journal, Yanhe, establishment of Minzu Wenxue in 1981 and advertisment which was mutually publicated by nine literature periodicals Prairie, Shanhua, Bianjiang Wenxue etc. Such kinds of events and phenomina were not well percepted by previous reseachers of the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality, but it is these that marks out important sectors of development of the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality.Chapter four further discusses the relationship between experience of nationals groups of the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality and literary periodicals in Chinese language and identity of writers , and examines the influence and effects literary periodicals in Chinese language on experience of national groups and identity of writers. We know that the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality, in the majority ,is literature that is created mainly by minority nationality writers and reflects the life of minority nationalities. Among them, the expression of the experience of minority and the identity of minority nationality writers become critical problems in the creation of the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality and literature that concerns with ontology of the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality. If it is true that the above chapters tend to test a general and outer social culture of the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality, this chapter gives a minute interpretation of it by combining its essence and texts. The author manages to prove that in the communication space, the influence of literary periodicals in Chinese language towards the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality is intrinsic, which brings along thorough change to the latter. With this minute interpretation, this thesis deepens the research about the effect of literary periodicals in Chinese language on the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality.Chapter five and six take Prairie, a literary periodical of autonomous region of minority nationality, and Shanhua, a literary periodical of multi-national area, and Minzu Wenxue, a national literary periodical for example to examine concrete relationship of literary periodicals in Chinese language and the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality. These two chapters discuss practically from working policies, editorial method, column setting and other aspects in order to study the evolution of these three periodicals and their relationship to the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality. The author hopes to find special representation of the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality and concrete effect of literary periodicals in Chinese language in present the contemporary literature of Chinese minority nationality within the study of them.The conclusion part summerizes the argument, gives a conclusion, and briefly explains some points interrelated.更多还原