【作者】 于冬云；

【导师】 刘象愚；

【作者基本信息】 北京师范大学 ， 比较文学与世界文学， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 在美国文学史上,海明威是一个具有两面性的作家。海明威本人的两面性赋予其文学文本以思想的、审美的内部张力。其文学文本的张力,与20世纪上半叶美国社会的政治、经济、文化、艺术构成中的内部张力是同源的。海明威的文学文本包蕴着美国社会现代化过程中前现代与现代、工业化与后工业化、清教伦理与消费伦理、高雅文化与商业文化(或精英文化与大众文化)、白人文化与多元文化、主流与边缘、个人自由与身份焦虑、男性与女性的性别角色重构、人类中心主义与生态伦理等诸多既对立又融合的现代性悖论。本文将海明威及其文学文本置于美国社会现代化历史进程中诸多充满张力的现代性历史情境中,对海明威本人的两面性、其文学文本的内部张力与美国文化的内部张力之间的互动关系,进行多视角、多层次地挖掘、阐释。本文正文分为以下三章:第一章“20年代美国的商业消费文化与现代性的悖论”,主要分析《太阳照常升起》与20年代美国的文化构成、现代文学艺术之间的关系,揭示出该文本所蕴涵的清教伦理与消费文化之间的价值冲突,个体在美国社会向工业化、城市化消费社会转型过程中的自我建构与身份焦虑,海明威文学话语的双重性。第二章“美国化的边缘与异域叙事”,指出海明威在边缘和异域文化空间中的文学书写活动意义在于:其一,召唤反现代社会控制和异化的主体自由和感性解放;其二,在日常生活实践的层面上,海明威的书写活动带动了一种与现代消费社会的商业利益一致的美国式生活方式——运动、休闲、旅游。这种审美追求与日常生活实践之间的意义分离,反映了美国社会结构内部个人与社会、自由与控制之间的深层张力;其三,海明威的文本为读者审视和反思美国社会现代化进程中的白人与少数族裔、主流文化与异质文化、主体价值与生态伦理等问题提供了可能性。第三章“精英、传媒、大众合谋打造的海明威神话”,通过探讨海明威与美国的大众传媒、大众文化消费活动之间的密切关系,揭示出:其一,在美国的商业消费社会中,精英文学如何与商业运营合谋生产大众需要的文化意义和快感;其二,文学生产与资本主义意识形态之间的复杂关系;其三,在后工业化社会中,精英文化与大众文化之间的疆界已经越来越模糊。在大众文化视野中,文本形式日趋多元化,意义和快感日趋多元化,文学已经变成了一场由所有公民共同打造、分享、流动的文化盛宴。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the American literary history, Ernest Hemingway is a unique writer of dual character. This feature endows his literary texts with a kind of internal tension in the ideological and aesthetical aspects. The tension and the internal one of America in its politics, economy, culture and art are homologous. Hemingway’s literary texts are imbued with all kinds of paradoxes in the process of American modernization, such as paradoxes between pre-modernism and modernism, between industrialization and post-modernization, between puritan ethics and consumer culture, between high culture and popular culture, between the white culture and multiculturalism, between mainstream culture and marginal culture, between individual freedom and identity anxiety, between the reconstruction of the social roles of male and that of the social roles of female, between anthropocentrism and ecological ethics. The dissertation is to explore from different perspectives and at different levels the duality and the internal tension of Hemingway’s literary texts under the various contexts of modernity in the process of American modernization and to find the interaction between Hemingway’s duality in character, the internal tensions in his texts and the internal tension inherent in the American culture. The main body of the dissertation is composed of three chapters:Chapter One,‘the paradox between the commercial consumer culture in the 1920s and modernity’, provides a detailed analysis of the relation of Hemingway’s the Sun Also Rises with the cultural constituents and the modern literature & art, for the purpose of revealing the conflicts between the puritan ethics and the consumer culture value, the problems of the self-construction and the identity anxiety of individuals in the transitional period of an industrializing and urbanizing society and Hemingway’s discourse duality and modern art’s paradox. Chapter Two,‘Hemingway’s narration in the Americanized marginal culture and the foreign cultures’, indicates the significance of Hemingway’s writing in the marginal and foreign culture lies in the following three aspects: the pursuit of the subjective freedom and perceptual liberation; the promotion of a typical American modern lifestyle featuring sports, leisure and travel, coinciding with the commercial interest of the modern consumer society, by Hemingway’s writing activities in the daily life level, the aesthetic pursuit which breaks away from the daily life in meaning, which reflects the profound tensions existing between society and individuals, and between freedom and control in the social structure of America; and the possibilities provided by Hemingway’s texts for the reader of surveying and reflecting such conflicts as between the white and the minorities, the mainstream culture and the foreign cultures, and the subject value and the eco-ethics emerging in the modernizing process of the American society. Chapter Three,‘the Hemingway Legend conspired towards by elites, media and the mass’, by means of discussing the close relations of Hemingway with the mass media and the popular culture consumptive activities in America, aims at revealing the ways the high literature allies with commercial conduction to produce the cultural significance and pleasure demanded by the mass in the consumer society of America, displaying the complex relationship between the literary creation and the capitalist ideology, and marking the increasingly blurred boundary between the high culture and the popular culture in the post-industrialist society. Within the purview of the popular culture, literature has evolved into a movable cultural feast with multiple text forms and multiple meanings and pleasure, which should be co-produced and shared by all the citizens.更多还原