【作者】 吴维铭；

【导师】 肖光来；

【作者基本信息】 北京体育大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2006， 博士

【副题名】兼论《体育（与健康）课程标准》下体操内容体系的构建

【摘要】 体操作为学校体育的活动内容和体育教学的组成部分,在中国学校体育的历史发展中有着深刻的影响和积极的作用。进入21世纪,新一轮的学校体育改革以落实《课程标准》为基点拉开了序幕。面对社会的发展和学科自身完善的需要,学校体操的改革势在必行!新形势下,对学校体操的地位作用的再认识,是传承与发展体育文化赋予的历史使命;对学校体操内容体系的再构建,是推动学校体育改革不断深入作出的积极探索。本研究以文献资料、现场观察、访谈、问卷调查和数据统计等方法对我国中小学学校体操的历史、发展和体操的有关基本理论等内容作了较系统的分析和研究。在对原有的体操理论研究基础上,以逻辑分析法揭示体操运动的内涵、外延;针对现实中人们对体操和学校体操的一些“误解”所形成的原因,寻根追源;系统研究我国学校体育中体操发展的历史;根据当前我国课程改革的时代形势和发展所需,努力构建与社会发展相适应的中小学学校体操内容体系。研究表明:1、人们对体操的认识“不清”,既有体操形成与发展之时代变迁的历史原因,也有新中国成立后注重竞技性体操和对体操理论研究不够等主、客观因素。2、分析原有体操概念定义中存在的问题,摒弃以经验判断和习惯思维作出界定的一贯做法,运用逻辑学方法理论对体操的内涵、外延等进行了探究和诠释。体操是“人体以非常态姿势表现身体控制能力的身体活动”,是由竞技性和非竞技性构成,学校体操属于非竞技性体操。3、现代体操进入我国后历经了新、旧中国两个不同历史时期的100多年曲折发展历程。1864年传入时主要是兵式体操和普通体操的内容形式,并在学校体育中与体育混用,体操在当时的学校体育中具有坚实的地位;战乱时期为了军事需要体操具有特殊的作用和地位;新中国成立至改革开放时,体操在学校体育中有着重要的地位;1978年学校体育进入了改革时期,体操在学校中原有的地位产生动摇;21世纪,学校体操在《课程标准》试验实施阶段面临着重大挑战,在教材的“放开”和“开放”的现实下,面对庞杂的体操内容,教师们有束手无策之感。调查研究也表明,教师们期望有配合教学的一些辅佐参考资料;另外,教师们对学校体操的重要性的认识存在误区等,是影响、阻碍学校体操发展的根本原因。4、构建我国学校体操内容体系是以《课程标准》基本理念为指导思想,以教育性、健康性、兴趣性和发展性等为选编原则,遵循体育运动技术基本规律和青少年儿童身心发展规律等为前提,以有利于教师运用、拓展和创新为主线,根据逻辑学方法理论,在内容的一级划分和连续划分基础上由徒手练习、持轻器械练习和借助器械练习等三个基本部分构成的“开放式”体系结构。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a part of school sport and sport teaching, gymnastics has profound and active effect in the history of China school sport. School sport reformation start again on the basis of putting Standard of Physical Education and Health Curriculum into effect to 21 century. Facing the need of social development and perfecting subject, the reformation of school gymnastics is imperative under the situation. To re-recognize the position and effect of school gymnastics is the mission that transmits and develops sport culture under new situation; to re-construct the content system of school gymnastics is the exploration that promotes school sport reform deeply.Adopted the methods of the documentary analysis, field observation, interview, questionnaire investigation, mathematic statistics etc, this study conducted systemic analysis and research of gymnastics basic theory and the history and development to primary school and middle school. Based on the basic theory of known gymnastics, exposed the connotation and extension of gymnastics by the methods of the logical analysis. Aiming at the reason of misunderstanding on gymnastics and school gymnastics, researched the history of China school sport. According to the situation and development of China curriculum reformation, try to construct the school gymnastics content system which fit the social development.1、People understand gymnastics unclearly, owing to the time change of formation and development of gymnastics and subjective and impersonal factors that people think much of athletic gymnastics and neglect the gymnastics theory research.2、Analyzed the old conception of gymnastics, the article researched and explained the connotation and extension of gymnastics by the methods of the logical analysis without any experience and thinking habit. Gymnastics is the body activities that show its’controlling ability by abnormal posture, and composing of sports and non-sports. School gymnastics belong to non-sport gymnastics.3、After entering China, modern gymnastics went through more than 100 years developing course in the old and new China. When it entered in 1864, it has 2 kind of content-- soldier gymnastics and fundamental gymnastics, and mixed with sport in school sport. Gymnastics has stable position in school sport. It has special function for military affairs need in the war. From the foundation of New China to the reformation period, gymnastics played an important role in the school sport. When school gymnastics entered reformation period in 1978, gymnastics had not important position in school any more. In 21 century, school gymnastics face the big challenge in the testing stage of Standard of Physical Education and Health Curriculum. With the reality of“let go”and“opening”on textbook, teachers have feeling of“nail-biting”in numerous gymnastics content. Research indicates that teachers expect that there are some references. In addition, teachers have misunderstanding on the importance of school gymnastics, which influence and hamper the development of school gymnastics.4、School gymnastics’systemic content as below:The fundamental thought of The Standard of Curriculums is the directed thought, and education, health, interest, development is the principles which are chosen and edited, and conform to the fundamental rules of sport technology and the development of the body and soul of children and adolescence, so that the teachers use, develop, and create, and so that the content form“open”systemic configuration on the basis of first division and series of division according to the theory of logic method.更多还原