【作者】 孙统立；

【导师】 张庆贺；

【作者基本信息】 同济大学 ， 结构工程， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 随着城市地下空间的进一步开发利用，盾构施工不断向大深度、急曲线、长距离、大直径、断面最佳化的方向发展，并出现新颖的异形盾构用于地铁区间隧道和深埋车站等地下工程。盾构施工扰动引起的地面沉降是城市环境土工学的一个重要课题，对于双圆盾构工法引起的土体扰动、地层移动尚缺乏足够的认识，探索双圆盾构工法的土体扰动规律既是生产实践需求，也具有一定的理论研究价值。依据上海轨道交通M6线双圆盾构区间隧道工程，通过对地面沉降监测结果的统计分析、试验段双圆盾构现场掘进试验、三维数值模拟等手段得出双圆盾构工法的地面沉降、土体扰动、孔隙水压变化规律，归纳减小双圆盾构施工环境土工损伤的控制措施，为后续双圆盾构工法的推广应用以及其他异形盾构（H&V、MF、三圆盾构）的开发研制提供了大量的借鉴数据与研究手段。主要工作和研究成果如下：（1）依托于双圆盾构掘进地面沉降的实测数据，采用数理统计方法分析双圆盾构施工地面横向、纵向沉降槽特征：建立双圆盾构地面沉降的“类Peck公式”；统计分析双圆盾构施工影响范围、地层损失率、沉降槽宽度等参数的取值范围。（2）通过双圆盾构现场掘进试验，分析盾构施工扰动引起的土体位移场特性、孔隙水压变化规律，提出双圆盾构施工扰动区域性时段性特征，给出双圆盾构施工扰动横向、纵向扰动分区图。（3）选取试验段对双圆盾构主要施工参数（土舱压力、注浆量、推进速度）进行敏感性分析，动态监测双圆盾构施工引起的横向、纵向深层土体沉降规律与盾构施工参数的相关性。（4）应用弹性力学Mindlin应力解建立双圆盾构施工土体附加应力场计算方法，考虑正面附加推力侧摩阻力作用定量分析双圆盾构掘进引起的土体附加应力场分布特征，采用Visual Fortran 6.0编制相应的程序。（5）采用经典的力学解答，建立双圆盾构施工扰动土体位移场计算方法，采用Visual Fortran 6.0实现计算过程的程序化。应用弹性力学Mindlin位移解，考虑盾构掘进施工荷载（正面附加推力、侧摩阻力）以及考虑土体泊松比及非等量径向土体移动模式的修正Sagaseta公式，建立双圆盾构考虑地层损失作用下地表变形的解析公式。（6）基于等效间隙参数的概念，建立考虑土体影响角φ的多圆盾构（DOT、MF）修正Loganathan公式，分析多圆盾构施工引起的土体地面沉降、深层沉降以及侧向位移特征。（7）采用通用有限元计算程序ANSYS 8.1对双圆盾构施工力学行为进行数值模拟，研究双圆盾构施工对土体沉降的影响过程，并与监测结果对比进一步挖掘其规律性。（8）提出复杂隧道结构（交叉、分岔、异形）的集成数值模拟计算技术，实现复杂隧道结构建模、计算、后处理的有机结合，采用有限差分程序FLAC^3D 3.0对双圆盾构掘进土体位移场特性进行数值模拟，分析双圆盾构施工扰动的横向纵向沉降等值线特征。（9）归纳异形盾构施工扰动环境土工损伤的施工控制方法，总结双圆盾构隧道地面沉降控制施工技术；归纳双圆盾构纠偏、旋转的控制措施；提出运用多圆盾构修建深埋地下车站的施工工艺；初步探索了我国异形盾构工法的国产化研制策略。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the further development of the urban underground space, the shield tunnelconstruction evolve to the large depth, small curve, long distance, large diameter andsection optimization.The various novelty non-circular shields appear to theconstruction of section tunnels and deeply buffed metro stations. The surfacesettlement induced by the construction disturbances of shield tunnel is one of thesignificant topics of the environmental soil engineering in urban area. The soildisturbance and movement of the Double-O-Tube（DOT） Shield tunnel is notadequately researched. It is of practice demand and of great theoretical significance toexplore the soil disturbance rule of the DOT shield tunnel.Bases on a DOT tunneling section of the Shanghai Rail Transit Line No.6, therules of ground settlement, the soil disturbance and the variation of pore waterpressure are brought forward through statistics analysis of the monitoring data, thedriving field test in experimental section and the 3-Dimensional numerical simulation.The construction controlling measures of decreasing the environmental geotechnicaleffect are summed up. The research can be reference for the futural application ofDOT shield, and other non-circular shields（Horizontal & Vertical Variation ShieldMethod, H&V, Multi-circular Face Shield Method, MF）. The major works and resultsof this dissertation are as follows:（1） Based on the measurement data of ground settlement induced by the DOTshield, the characteristics of transverse and longitudinal settlement trench areanalyzed with the statistic method; the Quasi-Peck formula of forecasting the groundsettlement is established. The range of the influenced regions, the stratum loss ratio,and the settlement trench width is discussed.（2） Based on the driving test in-situ, the characteristics of the horizontaldisplacement, layered settlement, and pore water pressure, caused by the DOT shieldtunneling in soft clay region are monitored continuously. The characteristics ofregional and time-dependent of the DOT shield are brought forward. The zoningmaps of transverse and longitudinal disturbance are proposed. （3） During the construction, the parameters of working face pressure, groutvolume of shield tail, advancing velocity were rectified designedly. The layeredsettlement of transverse and longitudinal sections induced by the construction of DOTshield was monitored continuously in-situ. The correlation between the layeredsettlement and the shield operation parameters is carried out.（4） The computing method of additional stress field induced by propulsion ofDOT shield is established by means of the Mindlin’s stress equations in elasticity. Thedistributing characteristics of additional stress and the extent of soil disturbance ofDOT shield construction are analyzed. In the analysis, the excess earth pressure andthe lateral friction between shield skin and the surrounding soil were taken intoaccount. The precedure is compiled adopting the program of Visual Fortran 6.0.（5） Adopting the classical mechanics solution, the computing methods of theground displacement field induced by the non-circular shield are established and thecomputational process is compiled with the program of Visual Fortran 6.0. Theanalytic formula contains the influence of the construction loads and the ground loss.The construction load is calculated by the Mindlin’s displacement Solution, includingthe excess earth pressure and the lateral friction. The ground loss is estimated by themodified Sagaseta’s formula, considering the soil Poisson’s ratio and non-radialmovement patterns.（6） Based on the concept of the equivalent gap parameter, the modifiedLoganathan’s formula of Multi-circular Face shied （DOT, MF） is established,considering the influence of internal friction angleφ. The characteristics of surfacesettlement, subsurface settlement and lateral displacement are revealed caused by theconstruction of the non-circular shields.（7） The ANSYS general finite element software is used to simulate mechanicsbehavior of the DOT shield construction. The process of layered settlement causedby the DOT shield is analyzed. Furthermore the results of numerical simulation arecompared with that of measurement to reveal the soil disturbance character.（8） The integrated numerical simulation techniques are put forward to thecomplex tunnel strucatures（cross connection structure,branch tunnel,special sections）,which can actualize the rational combination of the preprocess modeling, computating, post-processing.The displacement field characters of DOT shield are carried out bythe FLAC^3D finite difference method. The contour characteristics of transverse andlongitude settlement induced by DOT shield are described.（9） The controlling methods of the environmental influence of soil engineeringinduced by the non-circular shield tunnel are generalized in this dissertation, and thecontrol construction techniques of the ground settlement caused by the DOT shieldare summarized. Furthermore, the deviation rectifying technology of the DOT tunnelis generalized. The concept of building the depth metro station with Multi-circularFace shield is brought forward. The strategy of domestically design and developmentnon-circular shield tunnel is proposed.更多还原