【作者】 柯岚；

【导师】 舒国滢；

【作者基本信息】 中国政法大学 ， 法学理论， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 在1980年代以后的美国法理学中,霍姆斯法官成了最常被讨论和争议的人物。本文即是试图就霍姆斯对美国法理学的影响作一个追根溯源的考察,进而对美国法理学在当代的发展困境作出一些历史发生学的解释。霍姆斯法官的“坏人”理论在法理学上具有认识论意义,“坏人”作为一个超然的旁观者,是一个看待法律的极端外在的视角,它对内在观点和外在观点的区分提出了挑战。但它体现了一种粗粝的道德怀疑主义,谕示着法律与道德的实质分离。“坏人”论与“预测”论存在不可弥合的矛盾。霍姆斯的预测理论首次把诉讼和执业律师放在了法律过程的中心。预测论不能成为一个具有普适意义的法律概念,因为它无法解释法官的行为。霍姆斯的现实主义后继者们把他的观点极端化了,适度的形式主义是法律方法所必需的。以弗兰克为代表的法律现实主义者以霍姆斯的经验论司法哲学为指导,在法学院掀起了恢复律师执教、重塑实践性法律教育的改革运动,并取得了可观的成果。《法律的道路》导向的法律教育改革改变了美国法律教育的发展方向。霍姆斯在美国法理学中被神化是1930年代左右新政意识形态政治正确的副产品,在他死后,他的除魅又使他成为各种政治正确的牺牲品。1970年代以后,霍姆斯在美国法理学中再度被神化,他成了当代美国法的文化图腾和大众名星。波斯纳法官在当代美国的法理学中是以霍姆斯法官的知识继承人自命的,他继承了霍姆斯的道德怀疑主义,以霍姆斯的“坏人”作为原点,建构了法与道德彻底分离的经济分析法学体系。但他的经济分析法学是对科斯定理的误用,在方法论上存在致命的弱点。霍姆斯的理论本身具有一些反教条的潜力。在当代美国法理学中,霍姆斯理论的最大影响就是使得看待法律的内在视角日益演变为一种彻底的外在视角学术取向,这种取向在威胁法学作为一个自主学科的地位。霍姆斯理论的反传统性、修辞力量和实践性是造就“霍姆斯现象”的主要原因。更多还原

【Abstract】 Judge Oliver Wendell Holmes has become the most controversial thinker in American jurisprudence after 1980. In this article, the author attempts to survey the historic source of Holmesian phenomenon in American jurisprudence, and give some point to the difficult position of contemporary American jurisprudence.Holmes’Bad man theory was important to the epistemology of jurisprudence. As a transcendental spectator, bad man is a extreme external point of view in jurisprudence, it has questioned the distinguish between internal point of view and external point of view. But there is a harsh moral skepticism in Bad man theory, it means the substantive separation between law and morality. There is a contradiction between Bad man theory and Prediction theory.Holmes’Prediction theory has placed litigation and lawyer in the center of legal process for the first time. Prediction theory can not become a general concept of law, because it can not explain judiciary behavior. Some Legal Realist has push Holmes’theory to the end, a moderate formalism is necessary for the legal method.Jerome Frank and other Legal Realists had drawn some inspirations from The Path of Law, they launched attacks against Landell’s Case Method, pushing forward the reformation of American legal education. The reformation of legal education caused by The Path of Law has changed the orientation of American legal education.Holmes becoming a deity in American jurisprudence was due to political correctness of New Deal ideology around 1930. His demythology after his death made him a victim of various kinds of political correctness. By the end of 1970’s, some of the same aspects of the revised Holmes made him attractive to the conservative law-and-economics movement, Judge Richard Posner has become the most devoted present-day Holmesian, Holmes has revived as a cultural totem and pop star of contemporary American law.Judge Richard Posner accepted Holmes’moral skepticism on the basis of Bad man theory, constructing a theoretical system of law and economics with the complete separation of law and moralities. But his theory of law and economics has abused the Coase Theorem, there is a fatal weakness in his methodology.There is an unorthodox tendency in Holmes’theory. The most important influence of Holmes on American jurisprudence is the conversion from a internal point of view to a extreme external point of view in legal theory, and this conversion has threatened legal science’s autonomy. The unorthodoxy, power of rhetoric and practicability of Holmes’theory are the primary factors which bring about Holmesian phenomenon.更多还原