船体建造精度控制关键技术研究

【作者】 胡日强；

【导师】 刘玉君；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 船舶与海洋结构物设计制造， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 全面采用精度控制技术是实现现代化造船的“里程碑”。如果从船体零件下料开始，以“补偿量”取代“余量”，将简化造船生产的工艺流程，节约大量的工耗、物耗，加快造船速度。据调查显示：在船体建造过程中，装配时的主要作业仅占总装配工时的1／6，而用于调整作业的工时占1／2，作业后的清理占1／3。因此，船厂应用船体建造精度控制方法的目标是最大限度地消除调整作业量，减少清理工作量，以节约生产工时，并节省材料和能源。因此可以说，研究船舶建造精度控制技术具有重要意义。本论文主要研究了如下关键技术：(1)提出了船体曲面分段建造精度控制技术需要解决的核心问题。船体曲面分段建造过程的精度控制是船体建造的难题之一，其根本问题是如何确定船体曲面外板的精度控制尺寸补偿量，如何建立正确的船体曲面外板的精度补偿量的数学模型。本文指出了曲面外板的补偿量主要有两个部分组成，一是曲面外板热加工成型产生的加工补偿量，二是曲面外板上焊接加强材产生的装配补偿量。本文在应用开发的船体曲面外板局部收缩量计算系统的基础上，指出了通过数值实验来建立曲面外板加工补偿量实验样本的方法，提出了选取曲面外板加工补偿量实用数学模型的方法；同时介绍了曲面外板装配补偿量的实验测试方法，在此基础上开发相应的数据库系统，通过算例分析，提出了建立曲面外板装配补偿量实用数学模型的研究方法。(2)提出了海洋结构物建造过程中的重量、重心位置精度控制方法，为船舶制造的重量、重心位置精度控制技术研究提供了帮助。海洋结构物空船的重量、重心控制是海洋工程项目管理的一项重要內容，其目的是在制造过程中对海洋结构物空船的重量和重心位置进行精度控制，达到完工后其可变载荷能力满足设计的要求，保证该结构物在海洋中确定的作业要求。业主对海洋结构物空船重量和重心位置建造精度的要求也非常高，此项要求在招标文件、建造合同以及技术规范中均提出。文中重点研究海洋结构物空船的重量、重心精度控制技术的关键技术，开发了重量、重心数据库的结构设计，采用VB和ACESS实现了该数据库的主要功能；应用尺寸链原理推导了海洋结构物空船重量、重心公差分配计算公式；提出了在建造过程中进行重量、重心误差的动态调整控制方法。本文的部分成果已用于船厂的生产中。更多还原

【Abstract】 Application of overall accuracy control technology is the milestone of realization of modem shipbuilding industry. If we start from hull components material nesting and replace margin by compensation amount, this will simplify the process of shipbuilding construction, great amount of man-hours and materials will be saved, thus the shipbuilding speed will be increased significantly. According to investigation, during the hull construction process, only one-sixth of the overall manhours are for assembly, but half of the overall man-hours are used for adjustment while one-third of the overall man-hours are for cleaning-up. So the goal of application of hull construction accuracy control method in the shipyards is to abolish adjustment and reduce cleaning up amount to the maximum level, extensive amount of man-hours, materials and energy will be saved. In conclusion, the study of ship construction accuracy control is of great importance.This paper mainly studied the following key technologies:(1) Key issues to be resolved in application of accuracy control technology of hull curved sections construction. Accuracy control technology of hull curved sections construction process is one of the issues in hull construction, the fundamental solution is how to define the accuracy control compensation amount of the outer shell of hull curved sections and how to correctly establish the model of accuracy compensation amount of outer shell of hull curved sections. This paper points out that there are tow main parts in accuracy compensation of curved hull section, one is processing compensation amount during hot processing of the curved outer shell and the other one is the assembly compensation amount during welding applied on the curved outer shell. Based on the application of the developed area shrinking amount calculation system of the processing of curved outer shell, this paper has pointed out the method of establishment of test samples of processing compensation amount of the curved outer shell through statistic experiments and forwarded method of selection of practical model of processing compensation amount of the curved outer shell; at the same time, it introduced the inspection method of assembly compensation amount of the curved outer shell; and developed relevant data base based on the above. Through calculation and analysis, this paper raised the research method in establishment of practical model of assembly compensation amount of the curved outer shell.(2) The control method of weight and centre of gravity of offshore structures and floaters, which provides assistance in the study of accuracy control technology of weight and centre of gravity of shipbuilding. Weight and centre of gravity control of offshore structures and floaters is one the key aspects in the project management of offshore engineering. Its aim is to control the weight and centre of gravity control of offshore structures and floaters during construction process and the. variable load will satisfy the requirement of the specification and working condition at sea. The client has very demanding requirement in weight and centre of gravity accuracy control of offshore structures and floaters during construction. This requirement will be reiterated in the tendering documents, construction contract and specification. This paper mainly studied the key technology of weight and centre of gravity accuracy control of offshore structures and floaters, developed structural design of weight and centre of gravity data base and realized its main function by using VB and ACESS. And the tolerance distribution calculation formula of weight and centre of gravity of offshore structures and floaters was worked out by utilizing dimension chain principle. The dynamic adjustment and control method of weight and centre of gravity tolerance during construction was raised. Some of the results of this paper has been applied in the shipyard.更多还原